Cities develop as a result of functions
that they can perform, some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the
citizenry, but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the
surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to the city and to which
the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often make a
distinction between the situation and the site of a city. Situation refers to
the general position in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site
involves physical characteristics of the specific location. Situation is
normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. If a city
is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more
likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost unparalleled
situation, it is loc A. The development of trade routes through United States cities. B. Contrasts in settlement patterns in United States. C. Historical differences among three large United States cities. D. The importance of geographical situation in the growth of United States cities. [单项选择]The American need to own things is partly the result of mass advertising, (26) urges consumers to discard last year’ s car or clothing in (27) of the current models with the latest designs. Some people are (28) that they must" (29) the Jones," that they must have whatever their neighbors have. The old car or the old stereo set (30) work perfectly, but a newer and bigger one might (31) the family’ s esteem in the community. Possessions become (32) of financial success; they elevate (33) social status.
Advertisers also (34) to the American desire to look youthful and be physically attractive. Commercials attempt to sell many products—shampoo, toothpaste, deodorant and soap, for example— (35) implying that their particular (36) will help its user be more appealing. But Americans also make many (37) for practical reasons. They buy (38) devices to do rou A. light B. terms C. need D. favor [单项选择] In 1954 a turning point in medical history, resulting from applied bionics, was the first" open heart" surgery done in Minneapolis, Minnesota, by Dr. W. Lillehei’’s techniques for the first time allowed the patient to be operated on while blood was supplied to the patient from a donor. Today "open heart" surgery ,using more complicated methods and bionic devices, is common in the United States.
Important technological advances such as those already mentioned have encouraged scientists to develop the artificial heart. Early in 1983,in its first use by a human patient, a medical team at the University of Utah Medical Center replaced the diseased heart by a Jarvik-7.
The world watched amazed as television pictures of Dr. Clark showed him as he improved steadily after the surgery. His continued life demonstrated that a bionic device could imitate the action and function of a healthy heart. Dr. Clark lived for 112 days.
Life-like or bionic machines have existed for several centur
A. critical B. approving C. objective D. questioning [单项选择]
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