[单项选择]　　In 1954 a turning point in medical history, resulting from applied bionics, was the first" open heart" surgery done in Minneapolis, Minnesota, by Dr. W. Lillehei’’s techniques for the first time allowed the patient to be operated on while blood was supplied to the patient from a donor. Today "open heart" surgery ,using more complicated methods and bionic devices, is common in the United States. 　　Important technological advances such as those already mentioned have encouraged scientists to develop the artificial heart. Early in 1983,in its first use by a human patient, a medical team at the University of Utah Medical Center replaced the diseased heart by a Jarvik-7. 　　The world watched amazed as television pictures of Dr. Clark showed him as he improved steadily after the surgery. His continued life demonstrated that a bionic device could imitate the action and function of a healthy heart. Dr. Clark lived for 112 days. 　　Life-like or bionic machines have existed for several centur
A. critical
B. approving
C. objective
D. questioning

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[单项选择]　　In 1954 a turning point in medical history, resulting from applied bionics, was the first" open heart" surgery done in Minneapolis, Minnesota, by Dr. W. Lillehei’’s techniques for the first time allowed the patient to be operated on while blood was supplied to the patient from a donor. Today "open heart" surgery ,using more complicated methods and bionic devices, is common in the United States. 　　Important technological advances such as those already mentioned have encouraged scientists to develop the artificial heart. Early in 1983,in its first use by a human patient, a medical team at the University of Utah Medical Center replaced the diseased heart by a Jarvik-7. 　　The world watched amazed as television pictures of Dr. Clark showed him as he improved steadily after the surgery. His continued life demonstrated that a bionic device could imitate the action and function of a healthy heart. Dr. Clark lived for 112 days. 　　Life-like or bionic machines have existed for several centur
A. The application of bionics.
B. The first "open heart" surgery.
C. The development of the artificial heart.
D. The future of applied bionics.

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[填空题]For Adidas, 1994 is a turning point.

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[单项选择]The victory of ______ was the turning point of the War of Independence.
A. Saratoga
B. Gettysburg
C. Trenton
D. Yorktown

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[填空题]The turning point in the author’s life is ______.

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[单项选择]Equilibrium in a perfectly competitive market results in a quantity for which the:（）
A. difference between consumer and producer surpluses is maximized.
B. consumer and producer surpluses are equal.
C. sum of consumer and producer surpluses is maximized.

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[单项选择]
Part A
Passage 1

Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform, some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often make a distinction between the situation and the site of a city. Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost unparalleled situation, it is loc
A. hinterland
B. situation
C. site
D. function

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