[单项选择]The radical change in the land’s surface that results when rural areas are transformed into cities is a significant cause of the rise in temperature in cities that is known as urban heat island. First, the tall buildings and the concrete and asphalt of the city absorb and store greater quantities of solar radiation than do the vegetation and soil typical of rural areas. In addition, because the concrete and asphalt are impermeable, the runoff of water following a rain is rapid, resulting in a severe reduction in the evaporation rate. So heat that once would have been used to convert liquid water to a gas goes instead to increase the surface temperature further. At night, although both city and countryside cool through radiation losses, the stone-like surface of the city gradually releases the additional heat accumulated during the day, keeping the urban air warmer than that of the outlying areas.
Part of the urban temperature rise must also be attributed to waste heat from such
A. heat in urban areas can be reduced
B. the conclusions of the investigation in Sheffield were wrong
C. its heat production is smaller than that of Berlin
D. human-made heat can exceed the solar energy that reaches the ground in winter