[单选题]Consequently,there has been a growing interest in natural foods:foods which do not contain additives and which have not been（ ）by chemical fertilizers widely used in farming today.
A.effected
B.interfered
C.disturbed
D.affected

[单选题]The project budget has been finalized.Additional work has been discovered that was not planned for in the budget or project scope. (74) could provide the fund to cover the newly discovered work item.
A.Contingency reserve
B.Project profit
C.Management reserve
D.Special fund

[单选题]The maximum penalty for trafficking has been changed from 14 years to life imprisonment.This autumn,new laws,modeled（ ）US legislation,will be introduced to loosen banking and privacy regulations to facilitate investigation and seizure of drug‐earned accounts.
A.after
B.upon
C.against
D.on

[单选题]Text 1 Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents,but in recently years it has been particularly scorned.School districts across the country,most recently Los Angeles Unified,are revising their thinking on this educational ritual.Unfortunately,L. A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than 10%of a student's academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework.But the policy is unclear and contradictory.Certainly,no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment.But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives,it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling;teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want.But with homework counting for no more than 10%of their grades,students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards.Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework,but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework?It is quite possible that the homework helped.Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students,the policy imposes a flat,acrosstheboard rule.At the same time,the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework.If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students'academic achievement,it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments,not make them count for almost nothing.Conversely,if homework matters,it should account for a significant portion of the grade.Meanwhile,this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject,or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board,which is responsible for setting educational policy,looks into the matter and conducts public hearings.It is not too late for L. A.Unified to do homework right. L. A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students______
A.tend to have moderate expectations for their education
B.have asked for a different educational standard
C.may have problems finishing their homework
D.have voiced their complaints about homework

[单选题]Text 1 What has been described as the largest ever ransomware attack-a cyber criminal scheme that locks up computer files until vicLims pay a ransom-holds the paradoxical disLinction of being both an outrageous success（in terms of its blast radius）as well as an abject failure（in terms of its h8ul）.The malicious software spread so far and wide,jammed up so many IT networks and generated so much panic and chaos that the wronE;doers effectively undid themselves.On May 12,the world awoke to the beginnings of hundreds of thousands of old Microsoft Win-dows based computers'seizing up as Lhey subjected to a malicious software,appropriately called WannaCry.Within hours,the digital epidemic circled the globe like the Spanish flu,infecting ma-chines running outdated operating systems in some 150 countries,spreading across numerous homes and corporate networks.The attack,which relied on powerful tools believed to have been developed by the NSA and leaked online in April by a group of hackers known as the Shadow Brokers,wormed its way through businesses,hospitals and govemments,all of which found themselves suddenly locked out of their own systems.Researchers detected the wave quickly,and it wasn't long before they picked up on the criminals'self-defeating mistakes.The attackers failed to assign each victim a separate Bitcoin wallet,researchers noted,a criiical error that meant they would not be able to easily Lrack ransom pay-ments.They neglected to automate the money collection in a way that would scale.And then there was the matter of the kill switch.No one is quite certain why the attackers coded a self-destruct burton into their software,yet that's precisely what they did,Marcus Hutchins,a 22-year-old security researcher based in England who goes by MalwareTech,stumbled on the power plug largely by accident.After taking lunch on that Friday aftemoon,he inspected the malware and noticed a specific web address encoded within.Curious,he registered the domain for less than$11.This simple aci stopped the malware,killing the virus'ability to spread and buying Lime for organizations to upgrade their software and deploy protections. The ransomware attack has been considered a victory because it____
A.cancels a number of computer files
B.successfully blackmails many users
C.affects numerous users worldwide
D.causes panic and chaos at local

[不定项选择题]Beauty has always been regarded as something praise worthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants (被告). But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were thought as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than that of attractive overnight successes. Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is thought to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine (有男子气概的) than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the "masculine" qualities required. This is true even in politics. ′When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,′ says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them. The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes. The author writes this passage to ____________.
A.give advice to job-seekers who are attractive
B.discuss the negative aspects of being attractive
C.demand equal rights for women
D.state the importance of appearance

[不定项选择题]Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge. 　　With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis. 　　The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than ￡900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than ￡210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them. 　　The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants. 　　In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release. 　　Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around ￡500 to ￡5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power. Which of the following characterizes the scientific publishing model?
A.Trial subscription is offered.
B.Labour triumphs over status.
C.Costs are well controlled.
D.The few feed on the many.

[单选题]Mind wandering has long been thought of as the enemy of concentration,but that's not always true-the right kind of daydreaming can actually help you focus.Read on to discover how to take control of your wandering mind,and other simple ways to stay sharp when deadlines are looming.41.Research by Nilli Lavie at University College London has found that adding deliberate distractions-a jazzy border on a page or a bit of background noise-actually reduces distractibility.Her"load theory"proposes this works because attention is a limited resource,so ifyou fill all the attentional"slots"in your mind,it leaves no room for other distractions.42.The prospect of a treat can keep people focused,but only when it is well-timed,studies show.Offering people small rewards throughout a boring task didn't stop them from losing focus,but the promise of a larger reward that they would receive at the end of the task kept them alert.This approach probably works best with an accomplice to keep you from caving early,says Michael Esterman,at the Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory,who did the research 43.Stopping every now and again to give your mind a chance to wander can invigorate focus,says psychologist Paul Seli of Harvard University."If you say to yourself,now I'm going to think about something unrelated,maybe problem-solve something else that is on your mind,and then come back to your task,That can definitely be beneficial,"he says.44.You might think that an adrenaline boost would focus the mind,but stress actually stimulates the release of hormones,including noradrenaline（去甲肾上腺索）,which bind to receptors in the cognitive control circuits.This in turn makes it harder for them to keep tabs on mind wandering.45.A lack of sleep hammers mental performance in general,and reduces our ability to resist both internal and external distractions.And there's an added bonus-sleep is also important for memory consolidation.In fact,recent research suggests that if you have an hour spare before an exam,a nap could be a more effective use of your time than spending it revising.45选？
A.Bribe yourself
B.Daydream during breaks
C.Get some breaks
D.De-stress
E.Give your mind more to do
F.Have a big meal
G.Test yourself regularly

[简答题]Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university.Writehim/her a letter to1）congratulate him/her,and2）give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.Youshould write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use‘"Zhang Wei"instead.Do not write the address.

[单选题]"SeasameStreet"has been called"the longest street in the world". This is because the television program by that name can now be seen in so many parts ofthe world. The program,which went on the air in New York in 1969,uses songs,jokes,andpictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers,letters and humanrelationships.More than 6 million children in the United States watch itregularly.The viewers(观众)include more than half the nation′s children before school age. Manyteacher consider the program a great help,though some teachers find that problems happen when the first-year pupils who have learned from"SeasameStreet"are in the same class with those who have not watched the program.Tests have shown that children who watch it five times a week learn more than those who seldom watch it.In the United States the program is shown at differenthours during the week in order to increase the number of children who can watchit regularly. Why has"Seasame Street"been so much more successful than other children′sshows?Many reasons have been suggested.Perhaps one reason is that motherswatch"Seasame Street"along with their children.But the best reasonfor the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching itfeel able to learn.The child finds himself learning,and he wants to learnmore. When the first-year pupils who have watched the program are in the same class with those who haven′t,
A.teaching will becomes a bit difficult
B.they will not get on well with one another
C.it is impossible to begin class at the fixed time
D.they don't want to learn anything more