更多"[单选题]Text 1 On January lst the Bill"的相关试题:
[单选题]Text 1 On January lst the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation did something that may help to change the practice of science.It brought into force a policy,foreshadowed two years earlier,that research it supports must,when published,be freely available to all.On March 23rd it followed this up by announcing that iiwill pay the cost of putting such research in one particular repository of freely availablc papers.To a layman,this may sound neither controversial nor ground-breaking.But the crucial word is"freely".It means papers reporting Gates-sponsored research cannot be charged for.No pay walls.No journal subscriptions.That is not a new idea,but the foundation's announcement gives it teeth.It means recipients of Gates'largesse can no longer offer their papers to journals such as Nature,the New England Joiu-na!o[Medicine or the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,since reading the contents ofthese publications costs money.One criticism,in a world where most non-commercial scientific research is sponsored by governments,is that there should be no further charge for reading the results of taxpayer-funded work.Journals,in other words,should have no cover or subscription price.A second is that the process of getting a paper published takes too long.Months-sometimes years-can pass while a hopeful researcher first finds a journal willing to publish,and then waits for peer review and the negotiation of amendments.That keeps others in the field in the dark about new results for longer than is really necessary,and thus slows down the progress of science.Third,though this is less easy to prove,many researchers suspect that anonymous peer review is sometimes exploited by rivals to delay the publication of competitors'papers.Partial solutions to some of these problems have been tried.The Gates foundation is experimenting with carrots,as well as sticks.It has offered the publishers of one top-flight journal,Science$l00,000 to make papers published this year about Gates-sponsored research free to read from the beginning.If this goes well,the experiment may be extended to other publications.Similarly,there is a movement among some publishers to make papers free to the reader by charging the authors for the costs of publication-usually in the range of$2,000-$3,000 per paper.But many now think these are half-measures,and that a real revolution in the idea of scientific publishing is needed.23.The following are mentioned as criticisms to taxpayer-funded research EXCEPT
A.the unwillingness of many researchers to publish the original data.
B.the peer review process having failed to do what it should.
C.much long cycle for a paper to get published.
D.the demand of free access to scientific papers.
[单选题]Text 1 In January commuters voted Birmingham New Street one of Britain's worst railway stations.Each day nearly 150.000 people move through a structure built for half as many.But by next year it will be transformed.with 400 tonnes of undulating steel cladding and a vaguely eyeball appearance.The station will have"the wow factor",boasts Sir Albert Bore,the leader of Birmingham city council.It will also show how much attitudes to railway stations have changed.Railxvay stations are the chief exception to the rule that Britain invests too little in infrastructure.Of the I 7 big termini managed by Network Rail,the owner of Britain's tracks,11 are being redeveloped or have recently been completed.Five other stations,including Reading and Northampton,are being spruced up by local councils and Network Rail.Somc simply need to be expanded:the number of train journeys has risen by 35%since 2005.But the design of New Street suggests aspirations well beyond more easeful travel.The building would not look out of place in Dubai and is striking,if slightly incongruous,in the grey West Midlands.City planners wanted something monumental,like Grand Central station in New York,says Sir Bernard Zissman,chaiman of the independent design paneL"Twenty or thirty years ago business people were more likely to arrive in a city by car,"explains Jon Neale of Jones Lang LaSatle,a property specialist.Town planners duly carved out motorways and roundabouts to entice them.In 1962 a local politician claimed that a new design for Birmingham,involving an inner ring road,would make it"one ofthe finest city centres in Europe".Cities now measure their appeal by their stations.Businesses cluster around them:at King's Cross,a once-grimy part of north London,a postcode has been created for all the new buildings around the station,which was redeveloped in 2013.John Lewis,an upmarket department store,will open in the mall above New Street（which is indeed called"Grand Central"）along with 60 0ther shops.The council hopes it will pull in visitors to the city.Such ambition recalls the stations ofthe 19th century.Those structures"spoke to the corporate sensibility of a city,"says Tristram Hunt,an MP and historian,by combining commerce with the sheen of civic pride.The first New Street station,built in 1851,had the largest single-span roofin the country at the time.It was tom down by enthusiastic 1960s town planners.Now some ofits original lustre may retum.
What used to be the situation in Birmingham railway station?
A.Abstract vision.
B.The biggest one in England.
C.Steel cladding structure.
D.One of the most crowded one in Britain.
[单选题]On 03 January an irrevocable documentary credit for usd 500,000 is confirmeD. On 17 January the confirming bank receives an amendment cancelling the documentary credit which it advises to the beneficiary. As at 18 january, what is the liability of both banks? ( )
A.Issuing and confirming bank - usd 0.
B.Issuing and confirming bank usd 500,000.
C.Issuing bank - usd 0 confirming bank - usd 500,000.
D.Issuing bank - usd 500,000 confirming bank - usd 0.
[单选题]Text 2 All around the world,lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis,spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this.One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject,then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with$100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts.Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work,and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.Sensible ideas have been around for a long time,but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer,those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There is pressure for change from within the profession,but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’efficiency.After all,other countries,such as Australia and Britain,have started liberalizing their legal professions.America should follow.30.In this text,the author mainly discusses
A.flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.
B.the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.
C.a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.
D.the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.
[单选题]Text 4 A US drug company has increased the price of an acne cream by more than 3,900%to$9,561 in less than 18 months in the latest example of drug"price cheating",which has enraged the American public and become a central topic of debate in the presidential election campaign.Novum Pharma,a recently formed privately held Chicago-based company,bought the rights to drug Aloquin in May 2015.The 60g cream,which contains two cheap ingredients,was sold by its previous owner,Primus Pharmaceuticals,for$241.50.Nowm almost immediately increased the price by l,100%,and hiked the price higher still in January 2016.Figures seen by the Financial 77mes show the company increased the price a third time last week to take the cost to$9,561.So-called"price cheating",in which companies buy the rights to older drugs and then vastly increase their cost,has provoked outrage across the country and led to calls for reform of the US healthcare system.Earlier this month,Hillary Clinton claimed"It's time to move beyond talking about these price hikes and start acting to address them.AlI Americans deserve full access to the medications they need-without being burdened by excessive,unjustified costs."Clinton said she would change the law to allow the"emergency importation"of safe altemative treatments from abroad.Aloquin contains two cheap active ingredients:a decades-old antibiotic,iodoquinol,and an extract from the aloe vera plant.Iodoquinol can be bought for as little as$30 a tube and aloe vera cream costs a few dollars.The drug is labelled as"possibly effective",as the US Food and Drug Administration has stated that there is only limited evidence that the drug is effective.Novum has also drastically increased the price of its other two skin creams,Alcortin A and Novacort.The drugs are prescription only,with the cost being mostly covered by health insurance or government assistance.In instances when the full cost of the treatment isn't covered by insurance,Novum provides coupons to reduce the proportion that patients have to pay,while collecting the rest from the health plan.The company,which is privately held and does not publish figures on sales or profits,did not reply to requests for comment.A spokesman told the public that the firm was founded by"a group oflike-minded investors who believe in the firm's focus ofproviding therapeutic innovations that are affordable for patients".40.The response ofNovum shows that——
A.they are not under the supervision of FDA
B.they are not regulated by the public
C.they claimed to offer affordable drugs to the public
D.they dare not to reply to the comment
[单选题]Text 3 At first glance the patriarchy appears to be thriving.More than 90%of presidents and prime ministers are male,as are nearly all big corporate bosses.Men dominate finance,technology,films,sports,music and even stand-up comedy.In much of the world they still enjoy social and legal privileges simply because they have a Y chromosome.So it might seem odd to worry about the plight of men.Yet there is plenty of cause for concern.Men cluster at the bottom as well as the top.They are far more likely than women to be jailed,estranged from their children,or to kill themselves.They eam fewer university degrees than women.Boys in the developed world are 50%more likely to flunk basic maths,reading and science entirely.What can be done?Part of the solution lies in a change in cultural attitudes.Over the past generation,middte-class men have leamed that they need to help with child care,and have changed their behaviour.Working-class men need to catch up.Women have learned that they can be SUfgeons and physicists without losing their femininity.Men need to understand that traditional manual jobs arc not coming back,and that they can be nurses or hairdressers without losing their masculinity.Policymakers also need to lend a hand,because foolish laws are making the problem worse.America reduces the supply of marriageable men by locking up millions of young males for non-violent offences and then making it hard for them to find work when they get out（in Georgia,for example,felons are barred from feeding pigs,fighting fires or working in funeral homes）.A number of rich countries discourage poor people from marrying or cohabiting by cutting their benefits ifthey do.More generally,schools need to become more boy-friendly.They should recognise that boys like to rush around more than girls do:it's better to give them lots of organised sports and energy-eating games than to dose them with Ritalin or tell them off for fidgeting.They need to provide more male role models:employing more male teachers in primary schools will both supply boys with a male to whom they can relate and demonstrate that men can be teachers as well as firefighters.The growing equality of the sexes is one of the biggest achievements of the post-war era:people have greater opportunities than ever before to achieve their ambitions regardless of their gender.But some men have failed to cope with this new world.It is time to give them a hand.
According to the text,in most countries,men have the final say in_____
A.doing household
B.nursing homes
C.law firms
D.business
