[单选题]Text 1 What has been described as the largest ever ransomware attack-a cyber criminal scheme that locks up computer files until vicLims pay a ransom-holds the paradoxical disLinction of being both an outrageous success（in terms of its blast radius）as well as an abject failure（in terms of its h8ul）.The malicious software spread so far and wide,jammed up so many IT networks and generated so much panic and chaos that the wronE;doers effectively undid themselves.On May 12,the world awoke to the beginnings of hundreds of thousands of old Microsoft Win-dows based computers'seizing up as Lhey subjected to a malicious software,appropriately called WannaCry.Within hours,the digital epidemic circled the globe like the Spanish flu,infecting ma-chines running outdated operating systems in some 150 countries,spreading across numerous homes and corporate networks.The attack,which relied on powerful tools believed to have been developed by the NSA and leaked online in April by a group of hackers known as the Shadow Brokers,wormed its way through businesses,hospitals and govemments,all of which found themselves suddenly locked out of their own systems.Researchers detected the wave quickly,and it wasn't long before they picked up on the criminals'self-defeating mistakes.The attackers failed to assign each victim a separate Bitcoin wallet,researchers noted,a criiical error that meant they would not be able to easily Lrack ransom pay-ments.They neglected to automate the money collection in a way that would scale.And then there was the matter of the kill switch.No one is quite certain why the attackers coded a self-destruct burton into their software,yet that's precisely what they did,Marcus Hutchins,a 22-year-old security researcher based in England who goes by MalwareTech,stumbled on the power plug largely by accident.After taking lunch on that Friday aftemoon,he inspected the malware and noticed a specific web address encoded within.Curious,he registered the domain for less than$11.This simple aci stopped the malware,killing the virus'ability to spread and buying Lime for organizations to upgrade their software and deploy protections. According to Paragraph 2,which of the following is true about WannaCry? A.It spread only through domestic networks.
A.It was a software developed by the NS
B.
C.It infected computers in few countries.
D.It was deliberately created by some hackers.

[单选题]Text 1 What has been described as the largest ever ransomware attack-a cyber criminal scheme that locks up computer files until vicLims pay a ransom-holds the paradoxical disLinction of being both an outrageous success（in terms of its blast radius）as well as an abject failure（in terms of its h8ul）.The malicious software spread so far and wide,jammed up so many IT networks and generated so much panic and chaos that the wronE;doers effectively undid themselves.On May 12,the world awoke to the beginnings of hundreds of thousands of old Microsoft Win-dows based computers'seizing up as Lhey subjected to a malicious software,appropriately called WannaCry.Within hours,the digital epidemic circled the globe like the Spanish flu,infecting ma-chines running outdated operating systems in some 150 countries,spreading across numerous homes and corporate networks.The attack,which relied on powerful tools believed to have been developed by the NSA and leaked online in April by a group of hackers known as the Shadow Brokers,wormed its way through businesses,hospitals and govemments,all of which found themselves suddenly locked out of their own systems.Researchers detected the wave quickly,and it wasn't long before they picked up on the criminals'self-defeating mistakes.The attackers failed to assign each victim a separate Bitcoin wallet,researchers noted,a criiical error that meant they would not be able to easily Lrack ransom pay-ments.They neglected to automate the money collection in a way that would scale.And then there was the matter of the kill switch.No one is quite certain why the attackers coded a self-destruct burton into their software,yet that's precisely what they did,Marcus Hutchins,a 22-year-old security researcher based in England who goes by MalwareTech,stumbled on the power plug largely by accident.After taking lunch on that Friday aftemoon,he inspected the malware and noticed a specific web address encoded within.Curious,he registered the domain for less than$11.This simple aci stopped the malware,killing the virus'ability to spread and buying Lime for organizations to upgrade their software and deploy protections. The ransomware attack has been considered a victory because it____
A.cancels a number of computer files
B.successfully blackmails many users
C.affects numerous users worldwide
D.causes panic and chaos at local

[单选题]Text 1 Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents,but in recently years it has been particularly scorned.School districts across the country,most recently Los Angeles Unified,are revising their thinking on this educational ritual.Unfortunately,L. A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than 10%of a student's academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework.But the policy is unclear and contradictory.Certainly,no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment.But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives,it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling;teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want.But with homework counting for no more than 10%of their grades,students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards.Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework,but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework?It is quite possible that the homework helped.Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students,the policy imposes a flat,acrosstheboard rule.At the same time,the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework.If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students'academic achievement,it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments,not make them count for almost nothing.Conversely,if homework matters,it should account for a significant portion of the grade.Meanwhile,this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject,or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board,which is responsible for setting educational policy,looks into the matter and conducts public hearings.It is not too late for L. A.Unified to do homework right.23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may_____
A.discourage students from doing homework
B.result in students'indifference to their report cards
C.undermine the authority of state tests
D.restrict teachers'power in education

[Part III Reading Comprehension]

What has made it easier to turn some rain forests into farmland?

A.Rapid rise in carbon levels.
B.Reckless land development.
C.Lack of rainfall resulting from global warming.
D.The unusual warm currents in the Pacific Ocean.

[单选题] What ( ) has your car done ?
A. miles
B. distance
C. gas
D. mileage

[单选题]Text 4 Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public.Behind the scenes,they have been taking aim at someone else:the accounting standard-setters.Their rules,moan the banks,have forced them to report enormous losses,and it's just not fair.These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay,not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately,banks'lobbying now seems to be working.The details may be unknowable,but the independence of standard-setters,essential to the proper functioning of capital markets,is being compromised.And,unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers,reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress,America's Financial Accounting Standards Board（FAS B）rushed through rule changes.These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement.Bob Herz,the FASB's chairman,cried out against those who"question our motives."Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls"the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board（IAS B）do likewise.The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning,but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong.Charlie McCreevy,a European commissioner,warned the IASB that it did"not live in a political vacuum"but"in the real word"and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet,with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.Today they argue that market prices overstate losses,because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets,not the likely extent of bad debts.The truth will not be known for years.But bank's shares trade below their book value,suggesting that investors are skeptical.And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses,yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again,losses must be recognized and dealt with.America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive.Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters.The FASB and IASB have been exactly that,cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions,for example,against hostility from special interests.But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.40.The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of
A.satisfaction.
B.skepticism.
C.objectiveness
D.sympathy

[单选题]Text 1 What would you do with$590m?This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie,an 84yearold widow who recently emerged from her small,tinroofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.If she hopes her newfound fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment,she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly.What was once exciting and new becomes oldhat;regret creeps in.It is far better to spend money on experiences,say Ms.Dumn and Mr.Norton,like interesting trips,unique meals or even going to the cinema.These purchases often become more valuable with time—as stories or memories—particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most“happiness bang for your buck.”It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work,spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television（something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it）.Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself,and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib—a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot,anxious about fulfillment,not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness,but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones.Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world,and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authors’policy ideas,which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers.But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent. This text mainly discusses how to___.
A.balance feeling good and spending money
B.spend large sums of money won in lotteries
C.obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
D.become more reasonable in spending on luxuries