[不定项选择题]共用题干 第一篇

Plant Gas

Scientists have been studying natural sources of methane（甲烷，沼气）for decades but hadn't regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist（地球化学家）at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heldelberg,Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants,from grasses to trees,may also be sources of the greenhouse gas.This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.
Previously,researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of the gas. They had assumed that microbes（微生物）need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane.Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide.Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earth's atmosphere and contribute to global warming.
In its experiments, Keppler's team used sealed chambers（室，房间；腔）that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earth's atmosphere has.They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material,such as fallen leaves.
With the dried plants,the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees C.At 30 degrees C.,they found,a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms（微克）of methane per hour(One nanogram is a millionth of a gram). With every 10-degree rise in temperature,the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled.
Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight.
Because there was plenty of oxygen available,it's unlikely that the types of bacteria(bacterium的复数，细菌）that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions.That's another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes.
The new finding is an"interesting observation,"says Jennifer Y. King,a biogeochemist（生物地球化学家）at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane,they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere.Field tests will be needed to assess the plant's influence,she notes. What is the beneficial point of some microbes consuming plant-produced methane?
A.Methane becomes less poisonous.
B.Methane is turned into a fertilizer.
C.Less methane reaches the atmosphere.
D.Air becomes cleaner.

[不定项选择题]共用题干 第一篇

Plant Gas

Scientists have been studying natural sources of methane（甲烷，沼气）for decades but hadn't regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist（地球化学家）at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heldelberg,Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants,from grasses to trees,may also be sources of the greenhouse gas.This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.
Previously,researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of the gas. They had assumed that microbes（微生物）need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane.Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide.Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earth's atmosphere and contribute to global warming.
In its experiments, Keppler's team used sealed chambers（室，房间；腔）that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earth's atmosphere has.They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material,such as fallen leaves.
With the dried plants,the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees C.At 30 degrees C.,they found,a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms（微克）of methane per hour(One nanogram is a millionth of a gram). With every 10-degree rise in temperature,the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled.
Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight.
Because there was plenty of oxygen available,it's unlikely that the types of bacteria(bacterium的复数，细菌）that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions.That's another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes.
The new finding is an"interesting observation,"says Jennifer Y. King,a biogeochemist（生物地球化学家）at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane,they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere.Field tests will be needed to assess the plant's influence,she notes. Which of the following about methane is not mentioned in the passage?
A.Plants growing in soil release methane.
B.Plants growing in water release methane.
C.Soil microbes consume methane.
D.Microbes in plants produce methane.

[不定项选择题]共用题干 第一篇

Women have contributed richly to the achievements of science and engineering in the United States.As pointed out by the National Women's History Project,it is unfortunate that many of these accomplishments have been forgotten,ignored,and even hidden as a result of cultural and social norms.In recent years,there have seen great strides in recognizing the contributions of women in all fields of study.The National Women's History Project,founded in 1980,has been one of the organizations to lead the way.It is an educational nonprofit organization whose mission is to recognize and celebrate the diverse and historic achievements of inventive women.Each year,the National Women's History Project selects women to honor them. Sometimes these honorees paved the way as pioneers;other times they built on the knowledge and work of those who came before them. They are women who advanced our medical science,thrilled us with literature,inspired us with their courage and leadership,and moved us with their art. Who might become the honorees of the National Women's History Project?
A.Female doctors.
B.Female social activists.
C.Female writers.
D.All of the above.

[不定项选择题]共用题干 第一篇

Storms Sink Ships

Rescuers have found the bodies of over 130 people killed in two ferry disasters in
Bangladesh.The accidents happened during a storm that hit the country on April 21.
Hundreds more are missing or feared dead.
The two ferries sank in different rivers near the capital city of Dhaka as strong winds and
rain hit the South Asian country.
The government has since banned all ferries and other boats from travelling at night
during the April-May stormy season.
One of the ferries,MV Mitali,was carrying far more people than it was supposed to.
About 400 passengers fitted into a space made for just 300,police said.The second ferry
carried about 100 passengers.
"The number of deaths is certain to rise,"said an official in charge of the rescue work.
"No one really knows how many people were on board the ferry or how many of them
survived."
Ferries in Bangladesh don't always keep passenger lists,making it difficult to determine
the exact number of people on board.
Besides the ferry accidents,at least 40 people were killed and 400 injured by lightning
strikes,falling houses and trees and the sinking of small boats.
Storms are common this time of year in Bangladesh,as are boating accidents.Ferry
disasters take away hundreds of lives every year in a nation of 130 million people.
Officials blame these river accidents on a lack of safety measures,too many passengers
in boats and not enough checks on weather conditions.
Ferries are a common means of transport in Bangladesh.It is a country covered by
about 230 rivers.Some 20, 000 ferries use the nation's waterways（水路）every year.
And many of them are dangerously overcrowded（过度拥挤）.
Since 1977,more than 3,000 people have died in some 260 boating accidents. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the two ferry disasters?
A.They traveled during the April-May stormy season.
B.They sank on April 21.
C.The exact number of deaths could be easily determined.
D.They sank somewhere near Dhaka.

[不定项选择题]共用题干 第一篇
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes thai all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured,other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathematical,spatial,
musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）,and naturalistic. What is the main idea of this passage？
A.How to understand intelligence.
B.The importance of intelligence.
C.The development of intelligence tests.
D.How to become intelligent.