更多"[单选题]Text 3 If you're tired of swip"的相关试题:
[单选题]Text 3 If you're tired of swiping left and right to approve or reject the faces of other people,try something else:rating scientific papers.A web application inspired by the dating app Tinder lets you make snap judgments about preprints-papers published online before peer review-simply by swiping left,right,up,or down.Papr brands itself as"Tinder for preprints"and is almost as superficial as the matchmaker.For now,you only get to see abstracts,not the full papers,and you have to rate them in one of four categories:"exciting and probable,""exciting and questionable,""boring and probable,"or"boring and questionable."Papr co-creator Jeff Leek,a biostatistician at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,released an earlier version of Papr late last year but only started publicizing the app on social media earlier this month after his colleagues added a few more features,including a recommendation engine that suggests studies based on your preferences,an option to download your ratings along with links to the full preprints on bioRxiv,and suggestions for Twitter users with similar tastes as yours.What we want is to help researchers navigate the overwhelming number ofnew papers and uncover interdisciplinary overlap,Leek says.Scientists already use social media to discover new papers,he says;Papr aims to simplify that process and capture people's evaluations along the way.Four rating categories is enough,Leek says;other services,including PubPeer,offer space for longer comments and discussions.To prevent readers from giving their rivals'papers bad ratings or rate a paper as interesting just because it was written by a famous scientist,Papr doesn't show author names and doesn't let you search for a specific preprint or author."For me,the importance of Papr is illustrating that preprint services like bioRxiv enable novel methods of evaluation to emerge,"says Brian Nosek,executive director of the Center for Open Science in Charlottesville,Virginia."We don't believe that the data we are collecting is any kind of realistic peer review,but it does tell us something about the types of papers people find interesting and what leads them to be suspicious,"Leek says."Ultimately we hope to correlate this data with information about where the papers are published and other more in-depth measurements of paper quality."But don't take Papr too seriously,because its developers don't."This app is provided solely for entertainment of the scient讯c community and may be taken down at any time with no notice because Jeff gets tired ofit,"the Papr website says.34.It can be inferred that bioRxiv is a kind ofpreprint services that
A.is an app for use of statistics in research.
B.facilitates occurrence ofinnovative review process.
C.represents a kind of realistic peer review.
D.collects all kinds of research papers.
[单选题]Text 2 You would think that the young and digitally intellectual-the generation that grew up with computers at their fingertips-would be the least likely age group to fall victim of online fiaud.But the opposite is true."We've bought into stereotypes about fraud victims-they're usually seen as wlnerable and elderly,or gullible and poorly educated,"says Emma Fletcher,product manager at the BBB Institute."These stereotypes are strongly held-and they are wrong.We are all at risk,but younger and more educated individuals are actually the most likely to be deceived."Similarly,a 2016 report by Norton,the antivirus company,found that 44 per cent of millennials had been the victim of an online crime in the past year,compared with just 16 per cent ofbaby boomers.Research by Barclays this year backs this up.The Barclays Digital Safety Index highlights that almost two thirds of 18-24 year-olds had fallen prey to hackers or viruses.Yet when asked about actions taken to prevent future attacks,millennials were less likely than their older counterparts to take positive action,such as installing an anti-virus software following a computer system collapse.One reason is what is known as"optimism bias"-the idea that other people might be more One reason is what is known as"optimism bias"-the idea that other people might be more vulnerable than you and that you know better.Younger people are usually more knowledgeable about IT than those in the generations above them.But this makes them less likely to heed advice about staying safe,whereas,perhaps surprisingly,older people are more inclined to listen.But this is not the only reason.Younger people spend far more time online.They shop more there（meaning their card details are entered more ofien and stored in many more databases）and they share much more personal information online.According to Ofcom's 2016 Media Use and Attitudes Report,more than 90 pcr cent of those aged 16-34 have social-media accounts.For those aged between 55 and 64,this figure drops t0 51 per cent.For those 65 and over,it's 30 per cent.Interestingly,though,according the Office ofNational Statistics,older people are more likely to be victims ofrepeat fraud.This may be because they tend to be more trusting.Research at the University of California suggests that this isn't just because they grew up in more innocent times.Rather,age-related changes in the brain mean that as people get older,they tend to trust more and question less.26.The word"stereotypes"（Para.2）is closest in meaning to
A.obsolete.
B.cliches.
C.stupidities.
D.odds.
[单选题]Text 4 You might soon be able to sneak down to the cargo hold for a nap the next time you take an ultra-long fiight.That's the idea being fioated by plane manufacturer Airbus and seatmaker Zodiac Aerospace.The companies say they're working to develop"sleeping berths"that could be installed in the cargo holds of certain long-range Airbus aircraft.Airbus and Zodiac Aerospace say the cargo compartment modules would"offer new opportunities for additional services to passengers,improving their experience while enabling airlines to differentiate and add value for their commercial operations."The companies say they hope to offer the option to airlines for orders beginning in 2020.Initially,the sleeper modules would be offered on Airbus'A330 widebodies,either on new deliveries or with an option to retrofit existing aircraft.Decisions on how to market and sell such options are typically left up to airline customers.Airbus and Zodiac Aerospace did not detail any specific concepts,but it's likely passenger carriers would consider several options.One might include selling access for passengers sitting elsewhere on the plane,presumably letting them pay for several hours-or perhaps an entire flight's worth-of time in the sleepers.Some higher-end carriers might explore the idea as a possibility to add a lounge area,where one of the perks could be a nap.Airbus and Zodiac offered several concepts in mock-ups accompanying their press statement.One shows a standard lounge;others show options that include a conference room,a"kids and family zone"and even a"medical care zone."Absent additional details,the berths are unlikely to become an option for the entire duration of a flight.Safety rules require passengers to be buckled into seats during takeoff and landing,and it's not clear whether such an option would be available in a cargo area of sleeper berths.It also seems unlikely that a passenger would want to commit to a sleeper berth for flights of eight hours or more without a dedicated option for upright seating,or windows."These underfloor sleeping berths would be aimed more towards economy class market,and would be available for a lower price for a passenger than a premium class flatbed seat."Airbus and Zodiac Aerospace touted the ease of installation to carriers,saying modules would be"easily interchangeable with regular cargo containers during a typical turnaround if required.Moreover,the aircraft's cargo fioor and cargo loading system will not be affected at all,as the passenger module will sit directly on it."For now,Airbus and Zodiac Aerospace will test the market to gauge interest.39.Passengers may not choose a sleeper berth for a long trip if
A.they have to pay a lot.
B.they must fasten seat belts.
C.their safety is not guaranteed.
D.they can't look out ofthe window.
[单选题]Text 4 When you go to bed,is it because you're tured or because you need to get up at a certain time and want to make sure you get enough sleep?Everyone has a chronotype,which is the sleep cycle that their body would naturally prefer,if left to its own devices.But society forces its own chronotype on people,too.Maybe your prefer to sleep from 2 a.m.t0 10 a.m.But if you have a typical 9-to-5 workday,to get eight hours,you'd probably need to sleep from something like 11 p.m.t0 7 a,m.Individuals'sleep is surely shaped by their jobs,their families,and their habits.But a new study shows that society can shape sleep broadly,on a population level,as well.In the paper,published in Science Advances,Olivia Walch,Amy Cochran,and Daniel Forger of the University of Michigan look at data gathered from a smartphone app to see how sleep cycles vary in different countries and among different demographics.What country people lived in didn't have any noticeable effect on when they woke up,but it was linked to what time they went to bed.And what time they went to bed was linked to how much sleep they got.So in the countries that got less sleep on average,like Japan and Brazil,it was because they were going to bed later,not because they were waking up earlier than people in countries that got more sleep on average,like the Netherlands and Belgium,where people have earlier bedtimes.But it's notable in pointing out bedtime as a problem area.A lot of the research and discussion about the tension between sleep and society has focused on the morning-how the 9-to-5 workday isn't suitable for everyone's internal clocks,how starting the school day later can help teens,who have notoriously late chronotypes,how exposing yourself to light in the moming can help keep your intemal clock wound in a way that promotes good sleep.Bedtime,meanwhile,seems like it should be more of a choice.You wake up to go somewhere,or to start fulfilling responsibilities,and you go to bed when you decide to,based on a complex calculus of how tired you are,how much sleep you want to get,and whether the chapter you were just reading in your book ended on a cliffhanger.But when people are deciding to go to bed differs significantly across societies,it seems there's something cultural at play here,too.
The word"chronotype"（Para.2）is closest in meaning to_____
A.the sleep cycle that body would naturally prefer
B.the time people would like to wake up
C.the bedtime people choose for themselves
D.how long people sleep everyday
