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发布时间:2023-10-25 03:03:14

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Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.
The answer, says Dr. Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape, echelon or otherwise—expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird’s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California, has suggested that a for
A. energy cost reduced in a formation of V-shape and echelon or otherwise
B. 25 birds might enjoy 71% less energy consuming
C. a naturalistic airline works well than clever designs and lightweight composites
D. Kroo and his group are opposites who think that buying new aircraft is wasteful

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Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.
The answer, says Dr. Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape, echelon or otherwise—expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird’s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California, has suggested that a for
A. Three passengers were in the most favourable positions during the experiment.
B. 15% less fuel reduction in carbon-dioxide output and nitrogen-oxide emissions during flying.
C. Kroo and his team conducted their experiments in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Utah and London.
D. Air crafts can occasionally swap places to turn in the most favourable positions as well as birds.

[单项选择]Children whose biological parents both have Tic Syndrome Z (TSZ), which is characterized by the involuntary contraction of certain muscles, are about four times more likely to develop such contractions than are children whose biological parents do not have TSZ. It is likely, therefore, that predisposition to TSZ is an inherited trait.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion above
A. Children whose parents have TSZ are more likely to develop TSZ if they are under unusual stress at school or at home than if they are not under such stress.
B. Children whose biological parents do not have TSZ are more likely to develop TSZ if they are raised by adoptive parents with TSZ than if they are raised by their biological parents.
C. Children whose biological parents have TSZ are as likely to develop TSZ if they are raised by adoptive parents who do not have TSZ as if they are raised by their biological parents.
D. Children whose biological parents have TSZ and who develop TSZ usually avoid developing a severe form of the syndrome if they seek treatment for TSZ shortly after developing the first signs of it.
E. (E) Children with TSZ whose biological parents do not have TSZ are less likely to have the syndrome diagnosed when symptoms first appear than are children with TSZ whose biological parents have TSZ.
[单项选择]These two areas are similar()they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A. to that
B. besides that
C. in that
D. except that
[单项选择]These two areas are similar( )they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A. to that
B. besides that
C. in that
D. except that
[单项选择]These two areas are similar ______ they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A. to that
B. beside that
C. in that
D. except that
[填空题]经友好协商, both parties have entered into this contract with the following terms and conditions.
[单项选择]( ) both men and women have often achieved their career ambitions by midlife, many people are afflicted by at least a temporary period of dissatisfaction and depression.
A. Because
B. However
C. Whether
D. Nevertheless
[简答题]Both societies, moreover, have developed to the highest levels the arts of business and commerce, of buying and selling, and of advertising and mass producing. Few sights are more reassuring to Americans that the tens of thousands of bustling stores seen in 5apan, especially the beautiful, well-stocked department stores. To American eyes, they seem just like Macy’s or Neiman Marcus at home. In addition, both Japan and America are consumer societies. The people of both countries love to shop and are enthusiastic consumers of convenience products and fast foods. Vending machines selling everything from fresh flowers to hot coffee are as popular in Japan as they are in America, and fast-food noodle shops are as common in Japan as McDonald’s restaurants are in America.
[单项选择]I have heard both teachers and students( )well of him.
A. to speak
B. spoken
C. to have spoken
D. speak
[多项选择] Both the country and the city have their own attractions. Where do you prefer to live In the city or in the country
Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of 200 words on the following topic:
Where to Live, in the City or in the Country
You are to write in three parts:
In the first part, state what you think is the best way.
In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons.
In the third part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

[单项选择]It’s desirable that you have to speak to both groups of men quickly if you want to ______a nasty disagreement.
A. head off
B. clear with
C. get across
D. leap out
[简答题]{{B}} Both the country and the city have their own attractions. Where do you prefer to live In the city or in the country {{/B}} {{I}} Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of 200 words on the following topic:{{/I}} {{B}} Where to Live, in the City or in the Country {{/B}} {{I}} You are to write in three parts: In the first part, state what you think is the best way. In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons. In the third part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.{{/I}}
[单项选择]I have heard both teachers and students ______ well of him.
A. to speak
B. spoken
C. to have spoken
D. speak

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