[单项选择]A client with left-sided heart failure complains of increasing shortness of breath and is agitated and coughing up pink-tinged, foamy sputum. The nurse should recognize these as signs and symptoms of（）
A. right-sided heart failure.
B. acute pulmonary edema.
C. pneumonia.
D. cardiogenic shock.

[单项选择]The nurse is assessing a client with heart failure. The breath sounds commonly auscultated in clients with heart failure are（）
A. tracheal.
B. fine crackles.
C. coarse crackles.
D. friction rubs.

[单项选择]A client with heart failure develops pink frothy sputum, coarse crackles, and restlessness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first（）
A. Check the client’s blood pressure.
B. Place the client in high Fowler’s position.
C. Calculate the client’s fluid balance.
D. Notify the physician.

[单项选择]A client with heart failure loses 3.2 kg while hospitalized. Approximately how many pounds has the client lost（　）
A. 1 pound.
B. 3 pounds.
C. 5 pounds.
D. 7 pounds.

[单项选择]A client with a history of heart failure is examined in the outpatient department to investigate the recent onset of peripheral edema and increased shortness of breath. Physical　findings include bilateral crackles, a third heart sound (S₃), distended neck veins, elevated blood pressure, and pitting edema of the ankles. The nurse documents the severity of pitting edema as +1. What is the best description of this type of edema（）
A. Barely detectable depression when the thumb is released from the swollen area; normal foot and leg contours.
B. Detectable depression of less than 5 mm when the thumb is released from the swollen area; normal foot and leg contours.
C. A 5-to 10-mm depression when the thumb is released from the swollen area; foot and leg swelling.
D. A depression of more than 1 cm when the thumb is released from the swollen area; severe foot and leg swelling.

[单项选择]A client receiving haloperidol (Haldol) complains of a stiff jaw and difficulty swallowing. Which of the following should be the nurse’s first action（　）
A. Reassure the client and administer as-needed lorazepam (Ativan) IM.
B. Administer as-needed dose of benztropine (Cogentin) by mouth as ordered.
C. Administer as-needed dose of benztropine (Cogentin) IM as ordered.
D. Administer as-needed dose of haloperidol (Haldol) by mouth.

[单项选择]A client complains of a severe, throbbing headache following a lumbar puncture. The priority nursing intervention for this client is to（）
A. restrict fluid intake.
B. increase fluid intake.
C. raise the head of the bed.
D. assess vital signs.

[单项选择]The nurse is caring for a client who complains of lower back pain. Which instructions should the nurse give to this client to prevent back injury（）
A. Bend over the object you’re lifting.
B. Narrow the stance when lifting.
C. Push or puI1 an object using your arms.
D. Stand close to the object you’re lifting.

[单项选择]A 35-year-old female client who complains of weight gain, facial hair, absent menstruation, frequent bruising, and acne is diagnosed with Cushing’s syndrome. Cushing’s syndrome is most likely caused by which of the following（）
A. An ectopic corticotropin-secreting tumor.
B. Adrenal carcinoma.
C. A corticotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma.
D. An inborn error of metabolisrn.

[单项选择]The nurse is preparing the client with heart failure to go home. Which of the following should be most important to include in the discharge education（）
A. Monitor urine output daily.
B. Monitor daily potassium intake.
C. Maintain bed rest for at least 1 week.
D. Weigh daily.

[填空题]As a result of sufficient preparation, the heart operation was performed successfully.

[单项选择]A client, age 59, complains of leg pain brought on by walking several blocks--a symptom that first arose several weeks ago. The client’s history includes diabetes mellitus and a two-pack-a-day cigarette habit for the past 42 years. The physician diagnoses intermittent claudication and prescribes pentoxifylline (Trental), 400 mg three times daily with meals. The nurse should provide which instruction concerning long-term care（）
A. "Practice meticulous foot care. "
B. "Consider cutting down on your smoking. "
C. "Reduce your level of exercise. "
D. "See the physician if complications occur. "

[单项选择]A client with acute respiratory failure is intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation. Which intervention is most appropriate when suctioning the client（）
A. Insert the suction catheter while applying suction.
B. Apply suction until all the secretions have been removed.
C. Use the same catheter to first suction the mouth, then the endotraeheal tube.
D. Preoxygenate with 100% oxygen before suctioning.

[单项选择]A client with hepatitis C develops liver failure and GI hemorrhage. The blood products that would most likely bring about hemostasis in the client are（）
A. whole blood and albumin.
B. platelets and packed red blood cells.
C. fresh frozen plasma and whole blood.
D. cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma.

[单项选择]A client in acute renal failure is admitted to the nephrology unit. The period of oliguria in these clients usually lasts about t0 days. Which of the following assessments of kidney function would the nurse make during the oliguric phase（）
A. No urine output; kidneys in a state of suppression.
B. Urine output of 30 to 60 mL/hr.
C. Urine output of less than 400 to 600 mL in 24 hours.
D. Urine output directly related to the amount of IV fluids infused.

[单项选择]While auscultating heart sounds of a client with heart failure, the nurse hears an extra heart sound immediately after the second heart sound (S₂). The nurse should document this as（）
A. a first heart sound (S₁).
B. a third heart sound (S₃).
C. a fourth heart sound (S₄).
D. a murmur.