[单项选择]A client with heart failure develops pink frothy sputum, coarse crackles, and restlessness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first（）
A. Check the client’s blood pressure.
B. Place the client in high Fowler’s position.
C. Calculate the client’s fluid balance.
D. Notify the physician.

[单项选择]A client with hepatitis C develops liver failure and GI hemorrhage. The blood products that would most likely bring about hemostasis in the client are（）
A. whole blood and albumin.
B. platelets and packed red blood cells.
C. fresh frozen plasma and whole blood.
D. cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma.

[单项选择]The nurse is preparing the client with heart failure to go home. Which of the following should be most important to include in the discharge education（）
A. Monitor urine output daily.
B. Monitor daily potassium intake.
C. Maintain bed rest for at least 1 week.
D. Weigh daily.

[单项选择]The nurse is assessing a client with heart failure. The breath sounds commonly auscultated in clients with heart failure are（）
A. tracheal.
B. fine crackles.
C. coarse crackles.
D. friction rubs.

[单项选择]A client with heart failure loses 3.2 kg while hospitalized. Approximately how many pounds has the client lost（　）
A. 1 pound.
B. 3 pounds.
C. 5 pounds.
D. 7 pounds.

[单项选择]A client with left-sided heart failure complains of increasing shortness of breath and is agitated and coughing up pink-tinged, foamy sputum. The nurse should recognize these as signs and symptoms of（）
A. right-sided heart failure.
B. acute pulmonary edema.
C. pneumonia.
D. cardiogenic shock.

[单项选择]A client with a history of heart failure is examined in the outpatient department to investigate the recent onset of peripheral edema and increased shortness of breath. Physical　findings include bilateral crackles, a third heart sound (S₃), distended neck veins, elevated blood pressure, and pitting edema of the ankles. The nurse documents the severity of pitting edema as +1. What is the best description of this type of edema（）
A. Barely detectable depression when the thumb is released from the swollen area; normal foot and leg contours.
B. Detectable depression of less than 5 mm when the thumb is released from the swollen area; normal foot and leg contours.
C. A 5-to 10-mm depression when the thumb is released from the swollen area; foot and leg swelling.
D. A depression of more than 1 cm when the thumb is released from the swollen area; severe foot and leg swelling.

[单项选择]While auscultating heart sounds of a client with heart failure, the nurse hears an extra heart sound immediately after the second heart sound (S₂). The nurse should document this as（）
A. a first heart sound (S₁).
B. a third heart sound (S₃).
C. a fourth heart sound (S₄).
D. a murmur.

[填空题]client

[简答题]Heart failure cell

[填空题]
1. The heart-lung machine (pump-oxygenator) is a valuable addition to the modem operating room. This machine has made it possible to perform many operations on the heart and other thoracic organs which could not otherwise be done. There are several types of machines in use, all of which serve as a temporary substitute for the patient’s heart and lungs.
2. The machine siphons off the blood from the large vessels entering the heart on the right side so that no blood passes through the heart and lungs. The blood is returned to the general circulation for body distribution through one of the large arteries. While passing through the machine, the blood is oxygenated by means of an oxygen inlet, and carbon dioxide is removed by various chemical means. These are the processes that normally take place between the blood and the air in the lung tissue. While in the machine, the blood is also "defoamed" to be sur

[单项选择]Who suffers from heart disease
A. Mrs. Smith
B. Her father’s family
C. Her family
D. Mr. Smith

[单项选择]Her speciality is heart surgery.
A. region
B. site
C. field
D. platform