[简答题]

The Birth of Human Civilization

In the modern world, our way of life is constantly changing. Every year there are new fashions in clothes, games and music, and hundreds of scientific discoveries. For most of the human history, however, change has been very slow.
Hunters and Gatherers
Until as recently as 11,000 years ago, all humans lived a simple way of life, which had developed over millions of years. People lived in small families, gathering wild plant foods and hunting wild animals. They never stayed in one place for long but moved constantly, in search of new food sources or following wild animals. In these early hunting and gathering people used the same kind of tools for very long periods of time.
Settling Down
The first fully modern human beings, who had exactly the same intelligence and appearance as ourselves, evolved in tropical Africa about 100,000 years ago. They

[简答题]
In the modern world, our way of life is constantly changing. Every year there are new fashions in clothes, games and music, and hundreds of scientific discoveries. For most of the human history, however, change has been very slow.
Hunters and Gatherers
Until as recently as 11,000 years ago, all humans lived a simple way of life, which had developed over millions of years. People lived in small families, gathering wild plant foods and hunting wild animals. They never stayed in one place for long but moved constantly, in search of new food sources or following wild animals. In these early hunting and gathering people used the same kind of tools for very long periods of time.
Settling Down
The first fully modern human beings, who had exactly the same intelligence and appearance as ourselves, evolved in tropical Africa about 100,000 years ago. They

[单项选择]
In the modern world, our way of life is constantly changing. Every year there are new fashions in clothes, games and music, and hundreds of scientific discoveries. For most of the human history, however, change has been very slow.
Hunters and Gatherers
Until as recently as 11,000 years ago, all humans lived a simple way of life, which had developed over millions of years. People lived in small families, gathering wild plant foods and hunting wild animals. They never stayed in one place for long but moved constantly, in search of new food sources or following wild animals. In these early hunting and gathering people used the same kind of tools for very long periods of time.
Settling Down
The first fully modern human beings, who had exactly the same intelligence and appearance as ourselves, evolved in tropical Africa about 100,000 years ago. They were much
A. It has been changeable. B. It has been amazing.
B. It has been slow.
C. It has been mysterious.

[单项选择]Our modern civilization must not be thought of as ______ overnight.
A. being created
B. having created
C. to be created
D. to have been created

[单项选择]Because of the complexity of our modern machine, we need our workers （）
A. to train special
B. specified in training
C. to have specified training
D. training specially

[单项选择]Historians tend to date the birth of modern capitalism to the late sixteenth and early seventeen centuries, but to understand what actually occurred an important distinction must be made. Here are basically two types of capitalism: commercial and industrial. In commercial capitalism the capitalist is usually a merchant who invests money both in buying the raw material and in marketing the finished product one produced. In the case of wool cloth, for example, the merchant buys the raw wool; then either the merchant or the agent carries the wool to the artisans who spin, weave, and dye it in their shops or homes. They usually work by the piece and own or rent their equipment. When the cloth is finished, the merchant then sells the product; the merchant’s profit lies in the difference between what the cloth cost to produce and the purchase price of the finished goods.
This form of capitalism, with the merchant as capitalist, began in the Middle Ages and remained the dominant form for
A. engage in mass production
B. engage in efficient production
C. engage in small-scale production
D. engage in full production

[单项选择]The tragic impact of the modern city on the human being has killed his sense of aesthetics, the material benefits of a wealthy society have diverted his attention from his city and its cultural potentials to the products of science and technology: washing machines, central heating, TV sets, computers and cars.
He is a car driver and reluctant to walk. Without adequate parking facilities, the streets are littered with cars. Congestion (堵塞) has become the predominant factor in his environment, and statistics suggest that two cars per household may make matters worse.
Meanwhile, insult is added to injury by "land value". The value of land results from its use. When its use is intensified, its value rises. "Putting land to its highest and best use" becomes the principal economic standard in urban growth. This speculative approach and the pressure of increasing population leads to the "vertical" growth of cities with the result that people are forced to adjust themselves to co
A. were more enthusiastic about the development of science and technology
B. had a stronger sense of beauty
C. over-dependent on labor saving devices
D. paid more attention to material benefits