Some people can quite accurately time the end of their night’s sleep at will, without using an alarm clock, demonstrating that it is possible to voluntarily control a state of consciousness that is characterized by a loss of volition and attentional guidance. Here we show that the expectation that sleep will come to an end at a certain time induces a marked increase in the concentration of the hormone adrenocorticotriopin(促肾上腺皮质激素) in the blood one hour before waking. The regulation of adrenocorticotropin release during nocturnal sleep is therefore not confined to daily rhythms; (46) (47) Normally, the release of adrenocorticotropin and cortisol(皮质醇)increases during late stages of sleeping, reaching a daily maximum at the time of spontaneous waking. Adrenocorticotropin and cortisol are also released from the pituitary-adrenal system in a major adaptive response to stress, and are secreted in anticipation of stressful events. We investigated whether the increase
Some people can quite accurately time the end of their night’s sleep at will, without using an alarm clock, demonstrating that it is possible to voluntarily control a state of consciousness that is characterized by a loss of volition and attentional guidance. Here we show that the expectation that sleep will come to an end at a certain time induces a marked increase in the concentration of the hormone adrenocorticotriopin(促肾上腺皮质激素) in the blood one hour before waking. The regulation of adrenocorticotropin release during nocturnal sleep is therefore not confined to daily rhythms; (46) (47) Normally, the release of adrenocorticotropin and cortisol(皮质醇)increases during late stages of sleeping, reaching a daily maximum at the time of spontaneous waking. Adrenocorticotropin and cortisol are also released from the pituitary-adrenal system in a major adaptive response to stress, and are secreted in anticipation of stressful events. We investigated whether the increase
M: Now you spent, er, quite some time, er, as a beat officer or on the beat. Is that right
W: That’s right.
M: When you were training
W: Yes.
M: How long was that for
W: Approximately three and a half years before I specialised as such.
M: And ... and what would that involve
W: It involves doing shift system which is early, lates, nights.
M: Early, lates and nights. Can you explain what hours they are
W: The early shift starts at six o’clock in the morning till two o’clock in the afternoon. Then you’ve got the late shift from two o’clock in the afternoon to ten o’clock at night. And then night duty from ten pm until six am, because obviously all stations have to be manned twenty-four hours a day.
M: Is there any particular aspect of the work that you prefer
W: Not really, er. You do have your preferences. I mean, if it’s pouring down with rain you pref
A. Intervene with beatings.
B. Do the shift work.
C. Drive in a rain.
D. Be at the police station 24 hours.
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