[单项选择]Before Venter’s study, it was thought that A. nutrient levels depended on the number of organisms that eat carbon. B. certain viruses keep microbe levels under control. C. bacteria might be responsible for climate change.

[单项选择]What had the woman thought before（　）.
A. The man had finished the laundry.
B. The laundry still needed to be washed.
C. There were no dirty shirts in the laundry.

[单项选择]Craig Venter’s pilot project A. took place in the Sargasso Sea. B. ended at the Galapagos Islands. C. gave him the idea of writing his autobiography.

[填空题]How did Craig Venter defend his company’s behavior
A. A．He was collecting information to sell to scientists
B．The pace of genetic research became very slow because of competition
C．The information collected by him would be given to government free of charge.

[单项选择]Until recently it was thought that ink used before the sixteenth century did not contain titanium. However, a new type of analysis detected titanium in the ink of the famous Bible printed by Johannes Gutenberg and in that of another fifteenth-century Bible known as B-36, though not in the ink of any of numerous other fifteenth-century books analyzed. This finding is of great significance, since it not only strongly supports the hypothesis that B-36 was printed by Gutenberg but also shows that the presence of titanium in the ink of the purportedly fifteenth-century Vinland Map can no longer be regarded as a reason for doubting the map’s authenticity.
The reasoning in the passage is vulnerable to criticism on the ground that
A. the results of the analysis are interpreted as indicating that the use of titanium as an ingredient in fifteenth-century ink both was, and was not, extremely restricted.
B. if the technology that makes it possible to detect titanium in printing ink has only recently become available, it is unlikely that printers or artists in the fifteenth century would know whether their ink contained titanium or not.
C. it is unreasonable to suppose that determination of the date and location of a document’s printing or drawing can be made solely on the basis of the presence or absence of a single element in the ink used in the document.
D. both the B-36 Bible and the Vinland Map are objects that can be appreciated on their own merits whether or not the precise date of their creation or the identity of the person who made them is known.
E. (E) the discovery of titanium in the ink of the Vinland Map must have occurred before titanium was discovered in the ink of the Gutenberg Bible and the B-36 Bible.

[单项选择]A) They thought to buy things before the prices went up.
B) They bought things because they remembered the Great Depression.
C) They were concerned about spending money.
D) They didn’t want to spoil theft children.

[填空题]Parent-students cherish their chance to study in school again.

[单项选择]Passage Four