Cancer has always been with us, but not always in the same way. Its care and management have differed over time, of course, but so, too, have its identity, visibility, and meanings. Pick up the thread of history at its most distant end and you have cancer the crab—so named either because of the ramifying venous processes spreading out from a tumor or because its pain is like the pinch of a crab’s claw. Premodern cancer is a lump, a swelling that sometimes breaks through the skin in ulcerations producing foul-smelling discharges. The ancient Egyptians knew about many tumors that had a bad outcome, and the Greeks made a distinction between benign tumors (oncos) and malignant ones (carcinos). In the second century A. D. , Galen reckoned that the cause was systemic, an excess of melancholy or black bile, one of the body’s four "humors,, brought on by bad diet and environmental circumstances. Ancient medical practitioners sometimes cut tumors out, but the progno
A. Modern cancer care is very effective.
B. There is a lot more cancer now.
C. People understand cancer in radically new ways now.
D. There is a sharp increase in mortality in modern cancer world.
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