[单项选择]　　During the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, advertising was a relatively straightforward means of announcement and communication and was used mainly to promote novelties and fringe products. But when factory production got into full swing and new products, e. g. processed foods, came onto the market, national advertising campaigns and brandnaming of products became necessary. Before large-scale factory production, the typical manufacturing unit had been small and adaptable and the task of distributing and selling goods had largely been undertaken by wholesalers. The small non-specialized factory which did not rely on massive investment in machinery had been flexible enough to adapt its production according to changes in public demands. 　　But the economic depression which lasted from 1873 to 1894 marked a turning point between the old method of industrial organization and distribution and the new. From the beginning of the nineteenth century until the 1870s, production had
A. a cooking utensil.
B. new child’’s toy.
C. tinned fruit.
D. household soap.

[单项选择]　　During the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, advertising was a relatively straightforward means of announcement and communication and was used mainly to promote novelties and fringe products. But when factory production got into full swing and new products, e. g. processed foods, came onto the market, national advertising campaigns and brandnaming of products became necessary. Before large-scale factory production, the typical manufacturing unit had been small and adaptable and the task of distributing and selling goods had largely been undertaken by wholesalers. The small non-specialized factory which did not rely on massive investment in machinery had been flexible enough to adapt its production according to changes in public demands. 　　But the economic depression which lasted from 1873 to 1894 marked a turning point between the old method of industrial organization and distribution and the new. From the beginning of the nineteenth century until the 1870s, production had
A. buy out small firms.
B. take over distribution.
C. resort to product designing.
D. keep contact with their customers.

[简答题]The biggest problem of the third industrial revolution is as easy to explain as it is difficult to solve. Technology is creating a global economy that is rapidly supplanting our old national economies. National governments cannot control this new economy, yet no one, least of all Americans, wants to create the form of global government that might be able to control it. As a result we were going to be living in a fundamentally unmanaged economic system. The difficulties of containing the 1997 Asian economic meltdown are just the first of many such difficulties we can expect.
National governments, which used to worry about managing and maintaining their economic systems, are slowly being pushed out of business. Changes in global finance overwhelm all but the largest governments. Governments have lost much of their influence over the movement of information and capital. They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally.
Conversely, the power of gl

[单项选择]During the early American colonial years, com was more plentiful than wheat, so com breed was more common than wheat bread. Friendly Indians showed colonists how to grow com and how to prepare it for food and pioneer women then improved the Indian cooking techniques. When people traveled, they went on foot or horseback, sleeping and eating in the forests. They carded com bread for sustenance; the com bread came to be called journey cake. Later when roads and taverns were built and stagecoaches carded passengers, journeycake became johnnycake, a name many easterners still use for corn breed. The kinds of bread made with cornmeal were-and still are-almost without limit. Every region has its specialties.
In colonial times, why was com bread more common than wheat bread
A. The colonists preferred com breed.
B. Corn was more abundant.
C. The colonists did not know how to make wheat bread.
D. Com bread did not spoil as rapidly as wheat breed di

[单项选择]During the early years, America had so few settlers that neighbors were very important; they were not to be shut out by doors and fences.（）
A. 在早些年间，美国人有很多邻居非常重要，他们就不用关门和栅栏。
B. 在早些年间，美国定居者很少，以至于邻居就显得非常重要；不能用门和栅栏将他们隔在外面。
C. 在早些年间，美国定居者很少，以至于邻居就显得非常重要，他们不用把门和栅栏关上。
D. 在早些年间，美国人有很多邻居非常重要，他们不会被门和栅栏关在外面。
E. 在早些年间，美国有很多定居者，邻居不太重要，他们不把门和栅栏关上。

[单项选择]Things went well for her during her early life but in her middle age her_________seemed to change.
A. affair
B. luck
C. event
D. chance

[简答题]

During the early period of the earth’s history, the weather on earth apparently fluctuated between bright sun and showers. In recent times, however, the mountains and valleys on land and under water have had a great influence on the earth’s weather. They effect the movements of the thin film of water we call the sea and the thin layer of air around the earth. These movements produce changes in the temperature and humidity prevailing at the surface.
Although the sun is approximately 93 million miles away, its rays warm the earth. The areas that receive the sun’s rays vertically are, naturally, warmer than those areas that receive only slanting rays. (61)Vertical rays do not need to make as long a journey through the atmosphere before reaching the surface of the earth. Therefore, less of their heat is lost in the air and more of their heat is saved to warm the earth. Furthermore, slanting rays are spread over available at a given point.
The