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Psychologists take opposite views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The (26) view had gained many supporters, especially among (27) . But the careful use of small monetary rewards (28) creativity in grade-school children, (29) that properly presented inducements indeed aid (30) , according to a (31) in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they’re working for a reward and can (32) on a relatively challenging task, (33) show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the
A. latter
B. later
C. former
D. formal