[单项选择]Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
I saw a television advertisement recently for a new product called an air sanitizer. A woman stood in her kitchen, spraying the empty space in front of her as though using Mace against an imaginary assailant. She appeared very determined. Where others are satisfied with antibacterial-laced sponges, dish soaps, hand sanitizers and telephone wipes, here was a woman who sought to sterilize the air itself.
As a casual student of microbiology, I find it hard to escape the absurdity here. This woman is, like any human being, home to hundreds of trillions of bacteria. Bacteria make up a solid third, by weight, of the contents of her intestines. If you were to sneak into her bathroom while she was showering--and based on my general impression of this woman from the advertisement, I don’t recommend this--and secret away a teaspoon of the water at her feet, you would find some 820 billion bacteria. Bacteria are una
A. We don’t need to worry too much about bacteria everywhere in our life.
B. Antibacterial products for the home are found to be effective.
C. The TV advertisement the writer mentioned is a total failure.
D. The existent bacteria pose a threat only to the very young and very old.

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[单项选择]Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
The sight of eight long black legs moving over the floor makes some people scream and run—and women are four times more likely to take fright than men. Now a study suggests that females are genetically prone to develop fears for potentially dangerous animals.
David Rakison, a developmental psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, found that baby girls only 11 months old rapidly start to associate pictures of spiders with fear. Baby boys remain merrily indifferent to this connection.
In an initial training phase Rakison showed to baby girls and boys a picture of a spider together with a fearful face. In the following test phase he let them watch the image of a spider paired with a happy face, and the image of a flower paired with a fearful face.
Despite the spider’s happy companion, the girls looked significantly longer at it than at the flower. The researchers took t
A. people develop fears for dangerous animals by learning
B. people are born with fears for dangerous animals
C. boys do not feel frightened by the pictures of spiders
D. girls are more attracted by beautiful flowers than boys do

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[单项选择]Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的)“drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to“reward” the babies and so taught them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but wou
A. are directly related to pleasure
B. will meet their physical needs
C. will bring them a feeling of success
D. will satisfy their curiosity

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[填空题]Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
With the release of The Piano, a powerfully emotional story set in nineteenth-century New Zealand about a woman’s sexual awakening, the New Zealand-born Jane Campion has established herself as one of the most talented female filmmakers to come upon the scene in recent years. The film not only received praiseful reviews from critics and moviegoers but also won the Cannes Film Festival’s top prize, the Palme D’Or, making Campion the first woman ever to be so honored. Campion’s success is notable also because she is a relative newcomer to the film world: the director was only forty years old and she has made just three features (including The Piano), a television movie, and a handful of shorts dating from her student days.
Although Campion’s films appear at first glance to have little in common—her first feature, Sweetie, is a very honest portrait of a dysfunctional family and her second, An Angel at My Table, is

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[单项选择] Questions 11 to 14 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
How long will the sucking of the mosquito last
A. Less than 8 seconds.
B. No more than 12 seconds.
C. 8 to 10 seconds.
D. About 5 seconds.

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Questions 96-100 are based on the following passage.
In most aspects of medieval life, the closed corporation prevailed. But compared to modern life, the medieval urban family was a very open unit: for it included, as part of the normal household, not only relatives by blood but a group of industrial workers as well as domestics whose relation was that of secondary members of family. This held for all classes, for young men from the upper classes got their knowledge of the world by serving as waiting men in a noble family: what they observed and overheard at mealtime was part of their education. Apprentices lived as members of the master craftsman’s family. If marriage was perhaps deferred longer for men than today, the advantages of home life were not entirely lacking, even for the bachelor.
The workshop was a family; likewi
A. They were taught in their own homes.
B. They received training in practical skills.
C. They were sent to other households.
D. They were educated with other young men.

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[单项选择]Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.

Why did many countries think highly of Gabriela Mistral
A. She wrote poetry that broke through national barriers.
B. She was a talented designer of original school curriculums.
C. She proved herself to be an active and capable stateswoman.
D. She made outstanding contributions to children’s education.

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[单项选择]Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the passage.
Whether a person is right-handed or left-handed results from ______.
A. the education of the parents
B. the education of the teachers
C. the practice of oneself
D. the example of the friends

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[单项选择]Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the passage.
Hitchcock was bore in a family of a ______ owner in Britain.
A. factory
B. hospital
C. shop
D. theater

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