[单项选择]Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的)“drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to“reward” the babies and so taught them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but wou
A. are directly related to pleasure
B. will meet their physical needs
C. will bring them a feeling of success
D. will satisfy their curiosity

[单项选择] Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll (死亡人数) could have been much worse.
More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims.
Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes.
Despite the good news, civil engineers aren’t resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints (蓝图) for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often t
A. compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the U. S.
B. encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computers
C. outline the history of the development of quake-resistant building materials
D. report new developments in constructing quake-resistant buildings

[单项选择] Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the passage.

How did John Adams make his living
A. He trained soldiers.
B. He was a smith.
C. He was a silversmith.
D. He was a politician.

[单项选择]Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal—or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class—whether a person is "working- class" or "middle-class"—are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.
In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’ jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existerce. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her "housekeeping", would go out and squander(浪费) the rest on beer and betting.
The stereotype ([陈腔烂条) of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He w
A. Life style and occupation.
B. Attitude and income.
C. Income and job security.
D. Job security attd hobbies.

[单项选择] Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.
How does a maglev operate
A. It uses nuclear energy.
B. It rests on a cushion of pressurized air.
C. It flies over magnetically activated tracks.
D. It uses a device similar to a jet engin

[单项选择] Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT uae
A. Awards vary in monetary value.
B. Ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobel’s invention.
C. Politics can play an important role in selecting the winners.
D. A few individuals have won two awards.

[单项选择] Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.
What is the speaker’s field of study
A. Social work.
B. Medical care.
C. Applied physics.
D. Special education.

[填空题]Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Lance Armstrong is thirty-three years old and is one of the best athletes in the world. Scientists say his body operates better than the (47) person. For example, his heart can (48) more than two hundred times a minute. It pumps an extremely large amount of blood and oxygen to his legs.
Edward Coyle, head of the Human Performance Laboratory at the University of Texas in Austin, tested Armstrong five times from 1992 until 1995. Each time, the cyclist rode a (49) bike for twenty-five minutes with the work rate increasing every five minutes.
Scientists measured Armstrong’s (50) against the amount of oxygen he breathed. Doctor Coyle discovered an 8% increase in Armstrong’s muscle power. Doctor Coyle (51) Armstrong might have developed more of a certain kind of muscle during his seven years of training.
Doctor Coyle also discovered that A