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It is interesting to reflect for a moment upon the differences in the areas of moral feeling and standards in the peoples of Japan and the United States. Americans divide these areas somewhat rigidly into spirit and flesh, the two beings in opposition in the life of a human being. Ideally spirit should prevail but all too often it is the flesh that does prevail. The Japanese make no such division, at least between one as good and the other as evil. They believe that a person has two souls, each necessary. One is the "gentle" soul; the other is the "rough" soul. Sometimes the person uses his gentle soul; sometimes he must use his rough soul. He does not favor his gentle soul; neither does he fight his rough soul. Human nature in itself is good, Japanese philosophers insist, and a human being does not need to fight any part of himself. He has only to learn how to use each soul properly at appropriate times. Virtue fo
A. sublimiting the "rough" soul to permit ascendancy of the "gentle" soul
B. fulfilling one’s obligation to others
C. doing good and avoiding evil
D. being friendly and courteous to all people

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{{B}}TEXT D{{/B}}

It is interesting to reflect for a moment upon the differences in the areas of moral feeling and standards in the peoples of Japan and the United States. Americans divide these areas somewhat rigidly into spirit and flesh, the two beings in opposition in the life of a human being. Ideally spirit should prevail but all too often it is the flesh that does prevail. The Japanese make no such division, at least between one as good and the other as evil. They believe that a person has two souls, each necessary. One is the "gentle" soul; the other is the "rough" soul. Sometimes the person uses his gentle soul; sometimes he must use his rough soul. He does not favor his gentle soul; neither does he fight his rough soul. Human nature in itself is good, Japanese philosophers insist, and a human being does not need to fight any part of himself. He has only to learn how to use each soul properly at appropriate times. Virtue fo
A. a system of rewards and punishments
B. frequent disciplining which becomes inexorably more severe as the child grows older
C. benevolent and indulgent during the early years, but somewhat more severe as the child grows older
D. almost entirely psychological

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One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University; the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up. Like the Roman Catholic church and other ancient institutions, it is asking-still in private rather than in public whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority, admission, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of the 1990’s. Should Harvard-or any other university-bean intellectual sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard.
Walter Lip Mann, a distinguished Harvard graduate,
A. fight against militarism.
B. take an active part in solving society’s evils.
C. support old and established institutions.
D. involve themselves in politics.

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It is interesting to reflect for a moment upon the differences in the areas of moral feeling and standards in the peoples of Japan and the United States. Americans divide these areas somewhat rigidly into spirit and flesh, the two being in opposition in the life of a human being. Ideally spirit should prevail but all too often it is the flesh that does prevail. The Japanese make no such division, at least between one as good and the other as evil. They believe that a person has two souls, each necessary. One is the "gentle" soul, the other is the "rough" soul. Sometimes the person uses his gentle soul. Sometimes he must use his rough soul. He does not favor his gentle soul, neither does he fight his rough soul. Human nature in itself is good, Japanese philosophers insist, and a human being does not need to fight any part of himself. He has only to learn how to use each soul properly at the appropriate times. Virtue for the Japanese consists in fulfilling one&r
A. discuss the virtue of the Japanese people
B. compare the two souls of people
C. describe the process of acquiring self-discipline
D. reflect the moral feeling and standards of the Japanese people

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Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and "apricot leather".
All foods including water — cabbage and other leaf vegetables contains as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish, anything from 80% to 60%, depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked.
Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean countries, and also in California, South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general,
A. on horizontal cylinders
B. in hot-air chambers
C. in the sun and wind
D. using the open tray method

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