[单项选择]As civil wars erupted throughout the Roman Republic in the 1st century B. C., country dwellers may have fled to cities. Before they left, some people buried their valuables to hide them from armies. Now social scientists have studied these coin stores to answer a long-standing Roman mystery.
Historians have long debated Rome’s population size during the 1st century B.C. Starting in 28 B. C., censuses (人口普查) conducted under tile first Roman emperor showed the population at about 5 million--a 10-fold increase over that of the Roman Republic a century earlier. About a third of this jump can be explained by the extension of citizenship to Roman allies across Italy. But where did the rest of the people come from Some historians say the answer is simply population explosion. Others argue that the empire included women and children in its census, whereas the republic only counted adult males.
To settle the debate, social scientist Peter Turchin and his colleague Walter Scheidel
A. civil wars reduced about 1000 000 people
B. the Augustan censuses included women and children
C. population explosion hypothesis is reasonable
D. some civil wars didn’t cause high casualties

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[单项选择]As civil wars erupted throughout the Roman Republic in the 1st century B. C., country dwellers may have fled to cities. Before they left, some people buried their valuables to hide them from armies. Now social scientists have studied these coin stores to answer a long-standing Roman mystery.
Historians have long debated Rome’s population size during the 1st century B.C. Starting in 28 B. C., censuses (人口普查) conducted under tile first Roman emperor showed the population at about 5 million--a 10-fold increase over that of the Roman Republic a century earlier. About a third of this jump can be explained by the extension of citizenship to Roman allies across Italy. But where did the rest of the people come from Some historians say the answer is simply population explosion. Others argue that the empire included women and children in its census, whereas the republic only counted adult males.
To settle the debate, social scientist Peter Turchin and his colleague Walter Scheidel
A. The census method.
B. Population explosion.
C. Rome’s population size.
D. The extension of citizenship to Roman allies.

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[单项选择]

As civil wars erupted throughout the Roman Republic in the 1st century B. C., country dwellers may have fled to cities. Before they left, some people buried their valuables to hide them from armies. Now social scientists have studied these coin stores to answer a long-standing Roman mystery.
Historians have long debated Rome’s population size during the 1st century B.C. Starting in 28 B. C., censuses (人口普查) conducted under tile first Roman emperor showed the population at about 5 million--a 10-fold increase over that of the Roman Republic a century earlier. About a third of this jump can be explained by the extension of citizenship to Roman allies across Italy. But where did the rest of the people come from Some historians say the answer is simply population explosion. Others argue that the empire included women and children in its census, whereas t
A. The census method.
B. Population explosion.
C. Rome’s population size.
D. The extension of citizenship to Roman allies.

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[单项选择]A series of dynastic civil wars between supporters of the House of Lancaster and the House of York in the 15th century are also known as
A. Seven Years’ War.
B. the Hundred Years’ War.
C. the Wars of the Roses.
D. War of Independence.

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[简答题]The Civil Law System

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[单项选择]Passage Five

Roman soldiers in some places built long rows of signal towers. When they had a message to send, the soldiers shouted it from tower to tower. If there were enough towers and enough soldiers with loud voices, important news could be sent quickly over distance.
In Africa, people learned to send messages by beating on a series of large drums (鼓). Each drum was kept within hearing distance of the next one. The drum beats were sent out in a special way that all the drummers understood. Though the messages were simple, they could be sent at great speed for hundreds of miles.
In the eighteenth century, a French engineer found a new way to send short messages. In this way, a person held a flag in each hand and the arms were moved to various positions representing different letters of the alphabet (字母表). It was like spelling out wor
A. people cannot sent visible information until 19th century
B. we cannot communicate without sound
C. the ways of communication are similar in different countries
D. in ancient time, enough people is necessary to send messages over distance

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