Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women’s emancipation in Western societies. 46) Arguments in what could be called the "relational" feminist tradition maintain the doctrine of "equality in difference", or equity as distinct from equality. They contend that biological distinctions between the sexes result in a necessary sexual division of labor in the family and throughout society and that women’s procreative labor is currently undervalued by society, to the disadvantage of women. 47) By contrast, the individualist feminist tradition emphasizes individual human rights and cerebrates women’s quest for personal autonomy, while downplaying the importance of gender roles and minimizing discussion of childbearing and its attendant responsibilities. Before the late nineteenth century, these views coexisted within the feminist movement, often within the writings of the same individual. 48) Between 1890 and 1920,
Two main techniques have been used for training elephants, which we may call respectively the tough and the gentle. The former method simply consists of setting an elephant to work and beating him until he does what is expected of him. Apart from any moral considerations this is a stupid method of training, for it produces a resentful animal who at later stage may well turn into a man-killer. The gentle method requires more patience in the early stages, but produces a cheerful, good-tempered elephant who will give many years of loyal service.
The first essential in elephant training is it assigns to the animal a single mahout who will be entirely responsible for the job. Elephants like to have one master just as dogs do; and are capable of a considerable degree of personal auction. There are even stories of half trained elephant calves who have refused to feed and pained to death when by some unavoidable circum stance they have been deprived of their own trainer. Such ext
A. early financial returns
B. their willingness to obey their trainers
C. the avoidance of anxiety in the elephant
D. that elephants are difficult to keep
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