第1题: [简答题]
What are the Advantages and disadvantages of reserve requirements
参考答案:
The ability to change reserve requirements is a powerful tool which has the advantage and limitation, a central bank uses it infrequently, as slight adjustment of required reserve ratio, even A% or 0. E% will cause great influence on finance and credit. So a central bank prefers to use open market operations to change reserves rather than reserve requirements. It has been argued that changing reserve requirement is a too powerful tool and that its use as a policy instrument would destabilize the banking system. The institutional arrangements through which the banking system adjusts to changing levels of reserves might not respond as efficiently to changing reserve requirements. Another advantage of open market operations is that they can be conducted quietly, while changing reserve requirements requires a public announcement. A central bank feels that some of its actions would be opposed if public attention was directed toward them. Now let us see more details of advantages and disadvantages of reserve requirement. (A) Advantages of the reserve requirement We will now outline some of the advantages of using the reserve requirement tool relative to the use of open market operations and discount rate. a. Speed of impact. Changes in the reserve requirement induce banks to make balance sheet adjustments quite rapidly. When the central bank changes r, thousands of banks and thrift institutions experience an immediate change in their excess reserve positions. Therefore, changes in interest rates, credit conditions, and the monetary aggregates occur relatively quickly. These contrasts with open market operations, which impinge immediately only on those banks in which government securities dealers, maintain accounts. Some time may elapse before the impact of open market operations extends to the majority of banks. Likewise, a change in the central bank’s discount rate may not exert any immediate impact on those institutions not currently borrowing or contemplating borrowing at the discount rate. Therefore, if economic conditions require immediate action, use of the reserve requirement tool may be preferable to the central bank’s other instruments. b. Neutrality a related argument is that the reserve requirement instrument is less discriminatory across depository institutions than are the other instruments of Federal Reserve policy. The impact of reserve requirement changes is spread across all banks and thrift institutions uniformly. One may therefore prefer the use of this installment on the basis that many more institutions are influenced in a similar way than is the case with the other instruments. c. More straightforward announcement effect. Because this instrument is not employed frequently, and because changes in the reserve requirement are typically not made for purely technical reasons (unlike the use of open market operations for defensive purposes and changes in the discount rate to align it with other yields), changes in the reserve requirement are usually easy to interpret. A cut in the reserve requirement can usually be interpreted to signal an easing in the basic posture of monetary policy. Hence, if the central bank strongly desires to communicate a policy change to the public, this tool may be superior to the other tools. However, it is difficult to see how this instrument would be as effective as a public statement of policy intent. The use of any type of sign language in place of verbal language is difficult to rationalize. d. Potential use in an emergency At times when other tools cannot do the job, changes in the reserve requirement may be needed to neutralize major changes in the monetary base. In time of war, for instance, the government generally finances an increased level of expenditures by issuing short-term and long-term securities. To assist the Treasury in financing the effort without incurring exorbitant interest expense, the central bank may help by purchasing significantly larger than normal quantities of securities on the open market. Although this helps the Treasury, it also paves the way for an inflationary expansion of credit and money, because it directly expands bank reserves and the monetary base. In this case, the open market securities purchase could be combined with an increase in reserve requirements to avoid triggering a multiple expansion of deposits in the banking system. That is, as the monetary base is expanded by the central bank’s security purchases, the money supply multiplier would be reduced by the increase in required reserves and r. In this way, money supply growth could be limited to a rate consistent with the central bank’s overall objectives. (B) Disadvantages of the reserve requirement Many bankers would like to see the central bank abandon the use of the reserve requirement instrument as a regular tool of monetary policy. And many economists would agree, primarily on the basis that in most instances, the central bank’s objectives can be achieved more easily and smoothly via other policy instruments. A couple of points have been raised in support of the view that the level of reserve requirement should remain fixed over time and that the central bank should accomplish its aims through its other policy tools. We will now examine the disadvantages of the reserve requirement tool.
第2题: [多项选择]
消费贷款必须有明确的消费用途，禁止用于（）。A. 股本权益性投资
B. 购买股票、基金、理财产品、金融衍生产品、彩票
C. 非法借贷、非法集资
D. 生产经营性用途
E. 国家有关法律、法规和规章禁止的其他用途
参考答案:A, B, C, D, E
第3题:
[判断题]生化池中生物膜越厚，水处理效果就越好。A.正确
B.错误
参考答案:B
第4题:
[单选题]自动闭塞区段,同方向两个列车运行以( )作间隔。A.站间区间
B.所间区间
C.区间
D.闭塞分区
参考答案:D
第5题: [单项选择]
世界军事领域正在发生的军事技术革命的核心是：（）。A. 信息技术
B. 综合集成技术
C. 多军兵种合成
D. 新作战思想
参考答案:A
第6题: [单项选择]
小儿坐骨神经阻滞术的操作要点不包括（）A. 穿刺点定位于髂后下棘与股骨大转子连线中点，做一垂直线，此连线下方3cm
B. 患肢在上侧卧位，患肢屈髋屈膝
C. 注射局麻药后，足部背屈反应迅速消失
D. 用22～25G腰穿针，垂直刺入皮肤
E. 进针一定深度接神经刺激器，可诱发出患肢足部背屈反应
参考答案:A
答案解析:大转子和坐骨结节之间连线的中点为穿刺点。
第7题: [填空题]
According to the passage, diamonds are cherished by people because they are rarer.
参考答案:N
答案解析:该句的句意为：根据文章的大意，人们喜爱钻石是因为钻石更为稀有。文章的第一段说明钻石并不比其他的宝石更稀有，人们之所以看重钻石是因为钻石市场被垄断了。
第8题: [单项选择]
中间汇率是指（）。A. 官方汇率和市场汇率的算术平均数
B. 买入汇率和卖出汇率的算术平均数
C. 开盘汇率和收盘汇率的算术平均数
D. 即期汇率和远期汇率的算术平均数
参考答案:B
第9题:
[判断题]ZPW-2000A型无绝缘自动闭塞用选频测试表，可测试正使用中的补偿电容好坏。（）
A.正确
B.错误
参考答案:A
第10题:
[单选题]遇有冲刷、起土、上拔或导地线、拉线松动的杆塔，登杆塔前,应先（），打好临时拉线或支好架杆。A.培土加固
B.三交待
C.两穿一戴
D.测量接地电阻
参考答案:A
第11题:
[判断题] 对消防监督检查的结果,消防救援机构可以通过适当方式向社会公告。( )A.正确
B.错误
参考答案:A
第12题: [多项选择]
有（）情况之一时，应当进行锅片或者锅炉的冷态爆破验证试验，并且由具有相应资格的设计文件鉴定单位现场见证。
A. 首次采用的锅片结构
B. 改变锅片材料的牌号
C. 上次冷态爆破验证试验合格后，超过五年的
参考答案:A, B, C
第13题: [多项选择]
法律方法与行政方法相比具有不同的特点，主要表现在( )。A. 强制性
B. 规范性
C. 平等性
D. 权威性
E. 直接性
参考答案:B,C
答案解析:法律方法与行政方法同样具有强制性、权威性和直接性，它还具有与行政方法不同的特点，如规范性、稳定性、防范性、平等性。
第14题: [判断题]
地下矿床开拓方法分为平硐开拓、竖井开拓、斜井开拓、斜坡道开拓、联合开拓等五类。参考答案:对
第15题:
[单选题]三显示自动闭塞区段机车信号机显示一个黄色灯光，要求列车注意运行，表示列车接近的地面信号机显示一个（）灯光。
A.红色
B.蓝色
C.黄色
参考答案:C
J435
第16题: [判断题]
公安政治工作保障党的公安工作的原则、路线、方针和政策得以顺利的执行。 ( )参考答案:对
第17题:
[判断题](27601)( )根据普通黄铜的退火组织可分为单相、双相和三相黄铜。(1.0分)
A.正确
B.错误
参考答案:B
第18题:
[单选题]《电力监管条例》规定,违反规定未取得电力业务许可证擅自经营电力业务的,由电力监管机构责令改正,没收违法所得,可以并处违法所得( )倍以下的罚款。
A. 4
B.5
C.6
D. 7
参考答案:B
第19题: [单项选择]
阻塞性黄疸时乳酸脱氢酶同工酶升高最明显的是（）。A. LDH5
B. LDH4
C. LDH1
D. LDH3
E. LDH2
参考答案:D
第20题: [简答题]
接触器属于哪一种开关？参考答案:接触器属于自动电磁式开关。
第21题:
[单选题]( )是营业线施工管理的责任主体。参与营业线施工的各单位主要负责人是本单位营业线施工安全生产第一责任人，对本单位的安全生产工作全面负责，其他负责人对职责范围内的安全生产工作负责。
A.国铁集团
B.集团公司
C.站段
D.车间
参考答案:B
第22题:
[单选题]在PLC的输入/输出单元中，光电耦合电路的主要作用是（ ）A.信号隔离
B.信号传输
C.信号隔离与传输
D.状态显示
参考答案:C
第23题:
[判断题] 钢丝绳类应储存在通风、干燥场所，防止阳光直射、热气烘烤和接触酸、碱等具有腐蚀性的物质。 A.正确
B.错误
参考答案:A
第24题: [简答题]
客户下载“手机证券”是否会产生费用？参考答案:
下载“手机证券”是免费的，但会产生相应流量费用，大至会产生100-200KB左右。
第25题: [单项选择]
为了保证组织上的独立性，以及在行使监督权力过程中的威慑力，香港廉政公署直接向（）。A. 特区立法会负责
B. 特区法院负责
C. 全国人大负责
D. 特区行政长官负责
参考答案:D
第26题: [单项选择]
某公司2010年应收账款平均余额为200万元，应收账款周转次数为10次。2011年应收账款平均余额为150万元，应收账款周转次数为15次。该公司2011年度销售收入净额比2010年度销售收入净额( )。
A. 增加了200万元
B. 减少了200万元
C. 增加了250万元
D. 减少了250万元
参考答案:C
答案解析:根据公式：销售收入净额=应收账款周转次数×应收账款平均余额，得甲公司2011年销售收入净额=150×15=2250(万元)。2010年度销售收入净额=200×10=2000(万元)。该公司2011年度
第27题: [单项选择]
不同的人和不同乐器发出具有自身特点的声音，称为（）。A. 音
B. 音色
C. 音量
参考答案:B
第28题:
[单选题]大体积混凝土浇筑体在入模温度基础上的温升值不宜大于（ ）℃。（GB50496—2018《大体积混凝土施工标准》3.0.4）
A.A.20
B.B.25
C.C.40
D.D.50
参考答案:D
第29题:
[单选题]证据按其来源可分为原始证据和传来证据。原始证据就是直接来源于案件客观事实的证据；传来证据是指不是直接来源于案件事实或原始出处，而是从间接的非第一来源获得的证据材料。根据上述定义，下列属于传来证据的是：( )
A.甲致乙重伤所使用的匕首上留下的指印与甲的指纹同一的鉴定结论
B.公安机关勘验杀人现场时发现的插在被害人胸部上的一把匕首
C.医生魏某转述的被害人在临死前向他讲述的遭受犯罪分子侵害的事实
D.证人看到甲身上有血迹，从犯罪现场走出的证言
参考答案:C
传来证据定义的关键信息是：间接获得的证据材料。A项的鉴定结论、B项中的匕首.D项证人的证言都是直接来源于案件事实的，属于原始证据；只有C项魏某的转述来自于被害人的陈述，是间接获得的.属于传来证据，故答案选C。
第30题:
[判断题]出站信号机一个红色灯光和一个月白色灯光表示准许列车由车站以站间闭塞方式出发，发车进路列车按规定速度并需准备随时停车。（）
A.正确
B.错误
参考答案:A
第31题:
[单选题]脊髓的被膜由内向外依次为A.软脊膜、硬脊膜、蛛网膜
B.软脊膜、蛛网膜、硬脊膜
C.蛛网膜、软脊膜、硬脊膜
D.硬脊膜、蛛网膜、软脊膜
E.以上均不是
参考答案:B
第32题:
[单选题] 若至预定时间,一部分工作尚未完成,仍须继续工作而不妨碍送电者,在送电前,应按照送电后现场设备带电情况,办理( ),布置好安全措施后,方可继续工作。
A. 工作间断手续
B. 新的工作票
C. 工作延期手续
D. 工作终结手续
参考答案:B
第33题: [单项选择]
公民有序政治参与的程度是衡量一个国家民主政治建设的重要标志。有序的政治参与是公民参与政治生活的基本要求。公民要想有序参与政治生活，必须做到（）。
①坚持中国共产党的领导；
②遵循宪法和法律规定的权限、职责、程序和要求；
③正确处理权利和义务的关系；
④加强对政府权力的制约和监督。
A. ①③④
B. ①②④
C. ①②③
D. ②③④
参考答案:C
