第1题: [简答题]
什么是多级汽轮机的重热现象？参考答案:
上级损失造成的熵增将使后面级的理想焓降增大，这种现象称为多级汽轮机的重热现象。
（汽轮机在做功过程中的各项损失（内部损失）都转变成热能，被蒸汽所吸收，使得级的出口焓值沿熵增加方向增加。由于等压线沿熵增加的方向是渐扩的，使得以后的理想焓降增大。这就是说，在多级汽轮机中，前面级的损失在以后的级中能部分地得到利用。这种现象称为汽轮机的重热现象。）
第2题:
[多选题]信号标志是设置在轨旁的标志牌，包括（ ）及列车停车位置标.警示标等。A.A.预告标
B.B.分界标
C.C.警冲标
D.D.限制速度标
参考答案:ABCD
第3题:
[单选题]OptiX机柜顶有三个指示灯：绿灯，黄灯，红灯。机柜的-48V电源接通后，哪一个应该亮？（ ）
A.绿灯
B.红灯
C.黄灯
D.以上都不对
参考答案:A
第4题: [单项选择]
髁状突骨折最可能损伤的是( )A. 甲状腺上动脉
B. 舌动脉
C. 唇动脉
D. 颌外动脉
E. 颌内动脉
参考答案:E
第5题:
[单选题]电源设备断电检修前，应确认负载已转移或关闭。A.正确
B.错误
C.略
D.略
E.略
F.略
参考答案:A
第6题: [单项选择]
下列不属于监督管理的基本原则的是( )。A. 坚持以事实为依据，以法律为准绳的原则
B. 坚持安全第一，预防为主的原则
C. 坚持行为监察与技术监察相结合的原则
D. 坚持教育与惩罚相结合的原则
参考答案:B
第7题: [单项选择]
狭义的商品质量即（）。A. 市场质量
B. 社会质量
C. 自然质量
D. 商品素质
参考答案:C
答案解析:
狭义：商品的自然质量
广义：商品的市场质量
第8题: [单项选择]
不属于工作时间估计方法的是( )。A. 类比估计
B. 网络计划
C. 利用历史数据
D. 专家判断估计
参考答案:B
第9题:
[判断题]低电阻接地系统，当6kV～20kV母线分段运行时，每段母线应有一组接地电阻投入运行。A.正确
B.错误
参考答案:A
第10题:
[判断题]终端应应采用统一标准的系统开发环境，实现软、硬件解耦。A.正确
B.错误
参考答案:A
第11题:
[单选题]在一恒压电路中，电阻R增大，电流随之（）。A.不变
B.减小
C.增大
D.或大或小，不一定
参考答案:B
第12题:
[单选题]国家铁路营业站的启用、封闭和营业范围的变更经批准后，在（）上公布。A.A、《铁路客运运价里程表》
B.B、《铁路客货运输专刊》
C.C、《客运规章汇编》
D.D、《人民铁道》
参考答案:B
第13题:
[多选题]民用建筑的管道井、电缆井应考虑()措施。A. 按相关规定作竖向防火分隔
B. 竖井应分别独立设置
C. 井壁上的检查门应采用丙级防火门
D. 井壁应为耐火极限不低于1,00h的不燃烧体
E. 与房间、走道相连通的孔洞应用防火封堵材料将其空隙填塞密实
参考答案:ABCDE
第14题:
[判断题]特种作业操作证的复审时间可以延长至每 10 年 1 次。（ ）A.正确
B.错误
参考答案:B
第15题:
[单选题]16.易从下受的邪气是下列哪项？（）A.火
B.风
C.燥
D.湿
参考答案:A
第16题: [多项选择]
关于新贸易理论中的需求偏好相似理论，下列说法正确的是（）A. 认为影响一国需求结构最主要的因素是要素禀赋
B. 认为影响一国需求结构最主要的因素是人均收入水平
C. 认为两个国家要素禀赋越相似，需求结构就越接近，两国之间的贸易量就越大
D. 认为两个国家收入水平越相似，需求结构就越接近，两国之间的贸易量就越大
E. 认为两国的贸易只和需求有关系
参考答案:B,D
第17题:
[多选题]无砟线路周期检修是指根据线路及其各部件的变化规律和特点，对（ ）、无缝线路及轨道几何形位等按相应周期进行的全面检查和修理，以恢复线路完好技术状态。
A.钢轨
B.道岔
C.扣件
D.无砟道床
参考答案:ABCD
第18题:
[简答题]车站空调通风系统由（ ）和（ ）（含出入口通道）空调通风和排烟系统，简称大系统。参考答案:车站站厅、站台公共区
第19题: [简答题]
In the context of corporate governance explain the role of the external company auditors, paying particular regard to the following issues:(a) their qualifications;(b) their powers;(c) their duties. (10 marks)
参考答案:
This question requires candidates to consider the crucially important role of the auditor in relation to companies and the way in which the behaviour of such businesses function and are overseen. The corporate governance structure specifies the distribution of rights and responsibilities among different participants in the corporation, such as, the board, managers, shareholders and other stakeholders, and spells out the rules and procedures for making decisions on corporate affairs. Auditors have an extremely important role to play in that regard: they are appointed to ensure that the interests of the shareholders in a company are being met. Their key function is to produce independent and authoriative reports confirming, or otherwise, that the accountancy information provided to shareholders is reliable. The law relating to company auditors is to be found in ss.CHD–CID Companies Act (CA) AIHE as altered by CA AIHI. Even where a company has passed an elective resolution to dispense with laying accounts, the accounts are still required to be prepared, audited and circulated. Consequently every company, only excepting dormant private companies, is required to appoint an auditor, who must be appropriately qualified and in other respects eligible (s.CHD(A) CA AIHE). Qualifications The essential requirement for any person to act as a company auditor is that they are, eligible under the rules, and a member of, a recognised supervisory body (s.BE CA AIHI). This in turn requires them to hold a professional accountancy qualification. ‘Supervisory bodies’ are ones established in the UK to control the eligibility of potential company auditors and the quality of their operation (s.C0 CA AIHI). The recognised supervisory bodies are: (a) the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales; (b) the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland; (c) the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Ireland; (d) the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants; and (e) the Association of Authorised Public Accountants. The first four bodies mentioned above are also recognised as ‘qualifying bodies’, meaning that accountancy qualifications awarded by them are recognised professional qualifications for auditing purposes. There still is the small possibility of unqualified but appropriately experienced individuals acting as auditors in relation to what used to be known as ‘exempt private companies’ (s.C CA AIHI). A person is ineligible for appointment as auditor if they are either: (a) an officer or employee of the company (the auditor being specifically declared not to be an officer or employee); and/or (b) a partner or employee of a person in (i) above, or is a partnership of which such a person is a partner (CA AIHI, s.BG). It is a criminal offence to act while ineligible. Appointment and removal Auditors are appointed annually (s.CHE CA AIHE), generally, at each annual general meeting. Where a company has passed an elective resolution to dispense with the annual reappointment of auditors, they are, nonetheless, deemed to be re-appointed automatically for each year. The first auditors are usually appointed by the directors or, in default, by the company in general meetings (s.CHE CA AIHE). The first auditors hold office until the conclusion of the first meeting at which accounts are laid, although they can, of course, be re-elected. If auditors are not appointed, or re-appointed, then the Secretary of State may appoint auditors to act (s.CHG(A) CA AIHE). Under the Combined Code on Corporate Governance, a company’s audit committee must be involved in the appointment and dismissal of both the external and internal auditors. Audit committees must have annual procedures to ensure the independence and objectivity of the external auditor which should involve a consideration of all relationships between the company and the firm carrying out the external audit. An auditor may be removed at any time by an ordinary resolution of the company (s.CIA(A)). This does, however, require special notice. Any auditor who is to be removed or not re-appointed is entitled to make written representations and require these to be circulated or have them read out at the meeting (s.CIAA CA AIHE). An auditor may resign at any time (s.CIB CA AIHE). Notice of resignation must be accompanied by a statement of any circumstances that the auditor believes ought to be brought to the attention of members and creditors (payables), or alternatively a statement that there are no such circumstances (s.CID CA AIHE). The company is required to file a copy of the notice with the registrar of companies within AD days (s.CIB CA AIHE). Where the auditor’s resignation statement states that there are circumstances that should be brought to the attention of members, then he may require the company to call a meeting to allow an explanation of those circumstances to the members of the company (s.CIBA(A) CA AIHE). Rights and duties The auditors have the right of access at all times to the company’s books and accounts, and officers of the company are required to provide such information and explanations as the auditors consider necessary (s.CHIA CA AIHE). It is a criminal offence to make false or reckless statements to auditors (s.CHIA CA AIHE). It should be noted that the Companies (Audit, Investigations And Community Enterprise) Act B00D (C(AICE)A) significantly strengthened the power of auditors. Under s.CHIA of the Companies Act AIHE a company’s auditors were entitled to require from the company’s officers such information and explanations as they thought necessary for the performance of their duties as auditors. It always was a criminal offence for an officer of the company to provide misleading, false or deceptive information or explanations. However, it was not an offence for them to fail to provide any information or explanation that the auditors required of them. That anomaly has been remedied by the C(AICE)A as follows:– s.H of C(AICE)A makes it a criminal offence to fail to provide information or explanations required by the auditor;– s. H also entitles the auditor to require information and explanations from a wider group of people than merely the officers of the company. Consequently employees may now be subject to the auditor’s authority;– subsection H(D) makes it an offence for a parent company to fail to take all steps reasonably open to it to obtain the information or explanations which the auditor has required it to obtain from its non-UK subsidiary and those associated with it; and the offence applies also to any officer of the company who knowingly and wilfully authorises or permits the failure;– s.I requires that Directors’ Reports must contain a statement that the directors are not aware of relevant information which has not been disclosed to the company’s auditors. The directors are placed under the duty to ensure that they have taken all the steps they should have taken as a director to make themselves aware of such information and to establish that the auditors are aware of it. It will be a criminal offence to issue a false statement. The stated purpose of s.I is to ensure that each director will have to think hard about whether there is any information that they know about or could ascertain which is needed by the auditors in connection with preparing their report. Auditors are entitled to receive notices and other documents in connection with all general meetings, to attend such meetings and to speak when the business affects their role as auditors (s.CI0 CA AIHE). Where a company operates on the basis of written resolutions rather than meetings, then the auditor is entitled to receive copies of all such proposed resolutions as are to be sent to members (s.CHAB CA AIHE). Auditors are required to make a report on all annual accounts laid before the company in a general meeting during their tenure of office (s.BCE CA AIHE). They are specifically required to report on certain issues: (a) whether the accounts have been properly prepared in accordance with the Act; and (b) whether the individual and group accounts show a true and fair view of the profit or loss and state of affairs of the company and of the group, so far as concerns the members of the company; (c) whether the information in the Directors’ Report is consistent with the accounts presented. Under s.BCG CA AIHE auditors are required to investigate: (a) whether the company has kept proper accounting records and obtained proper accounting returns from branches. (b) whether the accounts are in agreement with the records; and state: (i) whether they have obtained all the information and explanations that they considered necessary; (ii) whether the requirements concerning disclosure of information about directors and officers’ remuneration, loans and other transactions have been met; and rectify any such omissions. The Companies Act places further duties on auditors relating to such issues as: (a) the valuation of non-cash consideration for share allotment by a public company or a company converting to a public company (ss.DD & A0H CA AIHE); (b) purchase or redemption of own shares by payment out of capital (s.AGC CA AIHE); (c) financial assistance for purchase of own shares (s.AEF CA AIHE). Potential liabilities In Caparo Industries plc v Dickman (AII0) company accounts were audited in accordance with the Companies Act AIHE. The respondents, who already owned shares in the company, decided to purchase more shares and take over the company after seeing the accounts. The accounts were inaccurate. The respondents then incurred a loss, which they blamed on the negligently audited accounts. It was held that, when the accounts were prepared, a duty of care was owed to members of the company (that is, the shareholders), but only so far as to allow them to exercise proper control over the company. This duty did not extend to members as individuals and potential purchasers of shares. The onus was clearly on the appellants in these circumstances to make their own indepedent inquiries, as it was unreasonable to rely on the auditors.
第20题: [单项选择]
以下不属于分子生物学HLA分型法的是（）A. PCR-RFLP
B. LAMP-PCR
C. PCR-SSCP
D. SBT
E. PCR-SS0
参考答案:B
答案解析:LAMP-PCR法不是用于HLA分型的方法。
第21题: [多项选择]
按照建设工程监理独立性要求( )。A. 工程监理企业必须是自主经营自负盈亏的经济实体
B. 工程监理企业应当严格按照规定的依据实施监理
C. 在委托监理的工程中，工程监理单位与承建单位不得有隶属关系和其他利害关系
D. 在开展工程监理的过程中必须建立自己的组织，按照自己的工作计划、程序、方法、手段独立地开展工作
E. 在委托监理的工程中，工程监理单位与建设项目主管部门不得有隶属关系和其他利害关系
参考答案:B,C,D
答案解析:[解析] 按照建设工程监理独立性要求工程监理企业应当严格按照规定的依据实施监理；在委托监理的工程中，工程监理单位与承建单位不得有隶属关系和其他利害关系；在开展工程监理的过程中必须建立自己的组织，按照自
第22题: [单项选择]
平衡运输问题一定存在（）。A. 整数解
B. 最优解
C. 无穷多解
D. 以上都不对
参考答案:B
第23题: [判断题]
列车司机在列车运行中负责货运票据的交接与保管。（）参考答案:对
第24题: [单项选择]
缺铁性贫血的细胞学形态为A. 大细胞性贫血
B. 大细胞性低色素性贫血
C. 小细胞性低色素性贫血
D. 小细胞性正色素性贫血
E. 正细胞正色素性贫血
参考答案:C
第25题:
[单选题]以下( )情况不宜采用口对口人工呼吸。A.触电后停止呼吸的
B.高处坠落后停止呼吸的
C.硫化氢中毒呼吸停止的
参考答案:C
第26题:
[填空题]中部超限是指自轨面起高度超过____mm至____mm之间，任何部位超限者。参考答案:1250|3600
第27题:
[判断题]中间继电器实际上是一种动作与释放值可调节的电压继电器。(1.0分)A.正确
B.错误
参考答案:B
第28题:
[判断题]故意使供电企业的用电计量装置计量不准或失效的行为属窃电行为。 ( )A.正确
B.错误
参考答案:A
第29题:
[填空题]单机挂车在区间被迫停车后，开车前应确认（ ）和制动主管贯通状态是否良好。参考答案:附挂辆数
第30题: [单项选择]
患者，男，19岁，诊断骨髓增生异常综合征，有输血史，无放疗和化疗史。需要输血治疗。检查血型时，正定型，患者红细胞与抗A，抗B抗体均不凝集。同时用标准A型红细胞试剂、B型红细胞试剂检测。结果：Bc（3+）Ac（-）。该病人反定型血型为（）
A. A
B. B
C. O
D. AB
E. A2B
参考答案:A
第31题:
[单选题]脉冲振幅调制属于（）。A.数字调制
B.模拟调制
C.频率调制
D.相位调制
参考答案:B
第32题:
[判断题]银行汇票的申请人缺少解讫通知联要求退款的，必须凭人民法院出具的其享有票据权利的证明。A.正确
B.错误
参考答案:B
第33题: [单项选择]
李某为刚分娩的产妇，体质虚弱，不想吃东西，为了母子健康，产科请营养师进行会诊。该类膳食每日供应的次数为（）
A. 3次
B. 4次
C. 5～6次
D. 6～7次
E. 7～8次
参考答案:C
第34题: [单项选择]
下面哪一项不属于加强技术骨干队伍的建设必须把好的“三关”：（）。A. 要把好素质关
B. 要把好选配关
C. 要把好兵龄结构关
D. 要把好技术骨干队伍的稳定关
参考答案:A
第35题:
[判断题]双路交流输入切换试验前，应验证两路交流输入，蓄电池组和连接蓄电池组的直流接触器正常工作，并做好实验过程监视。
A.正确
B.错误
参考答案:A
第36题:
[简答题]’年5月15日西安西发往安口窑变压器一件（重量65吨/不超重），使用一辆D10型平车（标重90吨/6轴）装运该批货物为二级超限超长货物，使用一辆NX17型平车（标重60吨）做游车，游车上加装了同一托运人的金属工具一件（货重52T）。该批货物途中限速运行。请计算该批货物正常情况下全程应收的运费（不计装卸费）。已知西安西-安口窑286公里（全程电气化）。
参考答案:根据《价规》第14条、15条、17条规定，计算运输费用如下：
主车运费：(26+0.138*286)*90*2.5*0.991*0.9911+0.007*90*286=14648.0
游车运费：(26+0.138*286)*60*0.991*0.9911+0.007*60*286=3978.2
建设基金：0.033*150*286*0.991*0.9911=1390.5
印花税：18626.2*0.0005=9.3
合计：20016.7+9.3=20026.0
第37题: [简答题]
根据自身对BIM技术的理解和认识，简述BIM技术对建筑行业带来的好处。参考答案:
①三维展示，形象直观，提升中标概念
②快速算量，精度提升，有效提升施工管理效率
③精确计划，减少浪费，实现精细化管理
④多算对比，有效管控，降低项目成本风险
⑤虚拟施工，有效协同，减少建筑质量安全问题
⑥碰撞检查，减少返工，提高施工质量
⑦冲突调用，决策支持，为工程提供数据支持
第38题:
[单选题]因抗精神病的副作用,重性精神疾病患者健康体检要求多长时间进行1次 ()A.1个月
B..2个月
C.3个月
D.半年
E.1年
参考答案:E
