参考答案:正确答案:Transcendentalism was a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early-to-middle 19th century. It spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. It placed emphasis on spirit, regarding it as the most important thing in the Universe. It also stressed the importance of the individual, seeing nature as symbolic of the spirit of God. Its doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in Ralph Emerson and Henry Thoreau. Emerson"s Nature has been called the " Manifesto of American Transcendentalism". Thoreau embarked on a two-year experiment of transcendentalism doctrines around the shore of Walden and then wrote the experience in his famous Walden.
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