[多项选择]从明朝开始，小说作为一种文学形式全面展现出它的社会功能和文学价值。明朝和清朝早期的小说代表了中国古典小说的最高峰(pinnacle)，实现了展示新的文化价值观和知识分子情怀(intellectual concerns)的新突破。这一时期最成功的文学作品是四大名著，即《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》和《红楼梦》。从明清时期开始，四大名著就通过直接或间接的戏剧和其他流行文化形式广为中国人所知。

参考答案:From the Ming Dynasty, the novel as a literary form began to fully display its social functions and literary values. The novels in the Ming and early Qing Dynasties represented the pinnacle of classical Chinese fiction and constituted a breakthrough reflecting new cultural values and intellectual concerns. What most succeeds in literature of this period is the Four Great Classical Novels, namely, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws of the Marsh, Journey to the West, A Dream of Red Mansion. Dating from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they have been well-known to most of the Chinese either directly or indirectly through opera and other popular cultural media.
答案解析:[解析] 1．第一句中，“明朝”译为the Ming Dynasty，“展现”用display，show，unfold均可。“社会功能和文学价值”译为social functions and lite