[名词解释]Phonetics and phonology

参考答案: "Phonology" is the study of sound systems—the inventory of distinctive sounds that occur in a language and the patterus into which they fall, how the sound system of a language functions. Minimal pair, phonemes, allophones, free variation, complementary distribution, etc., are all to be investigated by a phonologist.
Phonology is concerned with the abstract and mental aspect of the sounds in language rather than with the actual physical articulation of speech sounds. Phonological knowledge permits a speaker to produce sounds which fonn meaningful utterance, to recognize a foreign accent, to make up new words. Both phonology and phonetics arc studies of speech sounds. The two words contain the same root phono-, meaning sounds. But while both are related to the study of sounds, they differ in their approach and focus.
Phonetics is of a general nature: it is interested in all the speech sounds used in all human languages: how they are produccd, how they differ flom each other, what phonetic features they possess, how they can be classified, etc.
Phonology, on the other hand, is interested in the system of sounds of a particular language; it aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic comlnunication. Thus these two are at once related and distinct branches of linguistic studies.
Phonology, therefore, different from phonctics, is language specific. It deals with speech sounds within the context of a particular language.
答案解析: [解析] 本题旨在考查语音学与音韵学的区别。其中，Phonetics是语音学，是研究人类发音的学问。Phonology是音韵学，是研究不同语音的发音系统有何异同的学问。