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Cities“Worse to Live in Than 20 Years Ago”
One thousand people were surveyed about a range of issues which affect cities,and the re-markable findings show that life in today's mega-cities is so stressful that at least two-thirds of those currently living in big cities would like to relocate to the countryside or a small town.
The stress of the getting from A to B in big cities is at the top of the list of problems.For many people,the daily commute to work is a source of frustration.40% of the people in the sur-vey have suffered from road rage while stuck in traffic on the way to work.The cost of public transport is also a serious problem.Many people think the price of underground and bus travel is too high and that they have to devote more than 10% of their salary to transport costs.
The general cost of living in cities is another problem.The high property prices in most big cities put buying a property out of reach of most first-time buyers.Many young people are priced out of the housing market,and have to take in lodgers to make ends meet,or rent over-priced flats miles away from the city centre .In London,for instance,the price of buying even a one-bedroom flat is so prohibitive that many have given up even considering putting money aside for a deposit.
Another issue facing people who live in cities is rising crime.Crime rates have rocketed in many big cities,and many say there are several dangerous no-go areas in their city.Fear of crime is on the increase-street crimes,such as mugging and assault,are now very common-and many are afraid of going out at night alone.
Many were also concerned by the lack of green spaces and play facilities for children.Most major conurbations（有卫星城的大都市）surveyed have a far smaller number of parks and gar- dens than a generation ago.Planning permission seems to have been given for an ever-greater number of supermarkets,office developments and apartments on sites where there were previously green spaces.Many of the respondents in the survey said they felt stressed and suffocated in the city,a problem which is compounded by pollution.
And finally,the majority of people in the survey were fed up with the constant noise pollu-lion—the roar of traffic , the sound of loud music blaring（发刺耳声）out of a neighbour's win-dow,and the constant sound of activity.It is not surprising,then,that the levels of stress-related illnesses among people who live in cities are higher than ever before .Big cities,once a mecca for ambitious people seeking fameJ and fortune,are now less and less popular among people of all ages .Perhaps the 21st century is set to be the century of the small town and the countryside.
London has had some success in reducing pollution.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
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Eat to Live
A meager diet may give you health and long life,but it's not much fun-and it might not even be necessary.We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don't start to diet until old age.
Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks.The genetic rejuvenation won't reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse,but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.
Spindler's team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives,and fed another three on half-rations.Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old-equivalent to about 70 human years.
The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers,and found that-46 changed with age in the normally fed mice.The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production-probably bad news for mouse health .In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 percent of these gene changes.
"This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,"says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington
D.
C.
No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice,but Spindler is hopeful."There's attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,"he says.
If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get ol- der,our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs,for example.A brief period of time of die- ting,says Spindler,could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.
But Spindler isn't sure the trade-off is worth it."The mice get less disease,they live longer,but they're hungry,"he says."Even seeing what a diet does,it's still hard to go to a restaurant and say:‘I can only eat half of that.’"
Spindler hopes we soon won't need to diet at all.His company,Lifespan Genetics in California,is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.
According to the last two paragraphs,Spindler believes that______.
A.drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction
B.dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life
C.seeing the effect of a diet,people will like to eat less than normal
D.calorie restriction is very important to young people
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By the year 1927,Dr. Andrew Manson had a reputation.His practice of medicine was not large,but all his patients had the greatest confidence in him.He(51)______gave medicines, but when he did so,he gave the newest,best,and often the most(52)______medicines on the market.By his use of modern medicines,Manson once prevented a serious disease from(53)______in his town,although the rest of the town suffered badly.
The committee of the Medical Society ought to have been thankful to Manson,but a few of its members,led by Chenkin,were(54)______of his success.Though Manson had many friends, he also had(55)______.
Andrew sometimes asked himself why he and Christine had remained in Manchester after the death of their child.His coal dust experiments were his only(56)______for staying,he could not leave the mines till he had completed his experiments.
He now had a great deal of information about the(57)______of coal bust on the miners' lungs.But,in order to(58)______his facts,he decided to make a few experiments on small animals,to study the action of the dust on their lungs.Here,his real problem began.Taking care to cause the animals as little(59)______as possible;Andrew made some extremely(60) ______experiments,which proved all his beliefs.He felt proud and excited.But then,a few days later,he had a(61)______.
When Andrew returned home from work,he found Christine looking( 62)______."What's the matter?"he asked her. She hesitated,"I had some visitors today.""Oh?Who were they?""Five members of the committee,including Chenkin.They had heard about your experiments on the animals,and wanted to see your(63)_____.I told them that you were not at home,but they pushed me out and went into the room.When they saw the animals,one of the men shouted,"Oh, the poor creatures!"I tried to tell them that the animals had not suffered,but they(64)______to listen.They took the animals with them."
"What!"Andrew shouted.He thought for a minute,and then went into the hall to use the phone.But,just as he reached it,the phone bell rang."Hello!"he said angrily.Then his(65) ______changed.It was Owen."Look here,Owen.""I know,I know."Owen interrupted." This is a bad business.I'll come to see you now."Owen came.Before Andrew could speak,he said,"Did you get permission?"Andrew looked at him in surprise,"Permission for what?""To experiment on animals."
"Good Heavens,no!I never thought about it!""I'm afraid there will be trouble,"Owen said. "Some members of the committee feel very bitter against you.But don't worry,everything will be ok in the end."
_________(63)
A.backyard
B.study
C.laboratory
D.room
