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College Night Owls Have Lower Grades
College students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls（晚睡的人）,according to University of North Texas researchers.
They had 824 undergraduate（大学本科生的）students complete a health survey that includ-ed questions about sleep habits and daytime functioning,and found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages(GPAs)than those who are night people.
"The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding,sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future,along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep,"study co-author Daniel J.Taylor said in a prepared statement.
"Further,these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using chronotherapy（时间疗法）to help students retrain their biological clock to become more morning types,"Taylor said.
The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP,the annual meeting of the As-sociated Professional（专业的）Sleep Societies ,in Baltimore.
In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting,University of Colorado researchers found a significant association between insomnia（失眠）and a decline in college students' aca-demic performance.
The study included 64 psychology,nursing and medical students,average age 27 .4 years,who were divided into two groups-low GPAs and high GPAs.
Among those with low GPAs,69 .7 percent had trouble falling asleep,53 .1 percent experi- enced leg kicks or twitches（痉挛）at night,65. 6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep,and 72 .7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day.
"In college、students,the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom,"study author Dr. James
F. Pagel said in a prepared statement."This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student's academic performance,including GPAs."
According to Dr. Pagel,the academic performance of a student will be affected_______.
A.if he or she is not motivated
B.if he or she is troubled by disordered sleep
C.if he or she is a morning type
D.if he or she is a lazy person
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第三篇
College Night Owls（晚睡的人）Have Lower Grades
College students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls,
according to University of North Texas researchers.
They had 824 undergraduate（大学本科生的）students complete a health survey that included questiom
about sleep habits and daytime functioning,and found that students who are morning people had higher grade
point averages(GPAs)than those who are night people.
"The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding,
sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future,along with the research showing
that memory is improved by sleep,"study co-author Daniel J.Taylor said in a prepared statement.
"Further,these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using
chronotherapy（时间疗法）to help students retrieve their biological clock to become morning types, "Taylor
said.
The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP,the annual meeting of the Associated
Professional Sleep Societies,in Baltimore.
In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting,University of Colorado researchers found a
significant association between insomnia（失眠）and a decline in college students' academic performance.
The study included 64 psychology,nursing and medical students,average age 27.4 years,who were
divided into two groups一low GPAs and high GPAs.
Among those with low GPAs ,69. 7 percent had trouble falling asleep ,53.1 percent experienced leg kicks or
twitches（痉挛）at night,65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep,and
72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day.
"In college students,the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable
impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom,"study author Dr James
F.Pagel said in a prepared
statement."This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student's academic
performance,including GPAs."
According to Dr Pagel,the academic performance of a student will be affected__________.
A.if he or she is not motivated
B.if he or she is troubled by disordered sleep
C.if he or she is a morning type
D.if he or she is a lazy person
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Owls and Larks
1 In this article,we look at the importance of sleep for learning. Most healthy adults need eight or more hours of sleep. But why do we need sleep in the first place?We need sleep for the brain to get a chance to rebuild memories stored during the day and associate these with previously learned things. If this process is interrupted by,say,the sound of an alarm clock,it may not be as effective. So if your sleep is cut short by the alarm clock,how dama- ging is it?The truth is that it's difficult to predict,as so much depends on how much sleep your body actually needs on that particular occasion.
2 The popular belief that people are naturally either larks(early risers)or owls is false. The reason why people tend to be one or the other has more to do with lifestyle,age,and personality. Many people who appear to be early birds may have just become so through hab- it,for example,parents with very young children. Teenagers can have difficulty falling asleep until late at night and then they naturally have problems getting up the following morning.
3 The main reason why owls are owls is that they tend to spend their time over a book, movie,or computer game till the early hours of the morning. They enjoy the quiet of the night when they can pursue their passion. On the other hand,larks can make better use of early morning hours where they can study in quiet at the time when their brains are most refreshed. So which is better for learning一an owl's or a lark's lifestyle?The simple truth is that it is more complex than simply being one or the other. Leading a well-balanced life in terms of work and play and sleeping enough to bring maximum refreshment is probably the secret.
4 As for naps, experts on insomnia（失眠）argue against taking naps, as these may keep people up at night. If your nap lasts only five minutes to half an hour and does not affect your ability to fall asleep in the night,it will probably help you be more alert in evening hours.
However,if you are having problems getting to sleep at night,it's not only naps that you should avoid. Try not to drink a lot of alcohol, take nicotine（尼古丁) , do mentally intense activities like preparing for exams or doing exercise in the evening. Some people swear that drinking coffee never stops them from sleeping like a log,whereas others will never go near the stuff for fear of being awake all night. However,the best advice for most is to avoid it in the evening,and if you drink coffee before a nap,remember you are likely to awaken as soon as the caffeine starts kicking in.
It is good advice for most people to______.
A.sleep enough to bring most refreshment
B.keep away from coffee in the evening
C.stay up till the early hours of the morning
D.get up quite early
E.store memories in the brain
F.rebuild memories stored during the day
