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第一篇The News Industry "的相关试题:
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第一篇
The News Industry in US
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers?The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question.The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.
Sad to say,this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes,combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates(patterns)into which they plug each day's events.In other words,there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers,which helps explain why the"standard templates"of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.In a recent survey,questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country,plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.
Replies show that compared with other Americans,journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods,have maids,own Mercedeses,and trade stocks,and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work,or put down roots in a community.
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly social and cultural elite,so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
This is an explosive situation for any industry,particularly a declining one.Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers.Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers.But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did,it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values,education,and class.
Despite its efforts,the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its_______.
A.failure to realize its real problem
B.tendency to hire annoying reporters
C.likeliness to do inaccurate reporting
D.prejudice in matters of race and gender
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第一篇
Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much?
Earlier this year,the American College of Surgeons,the national scientific and educational organization
of surgeons,conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to re-
searching his or her surgery or surgeon.While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of
an operation,they don't necessarily look for information that would address their concerns.
In fact,more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the cre-
dentials of the surgeon who operated.Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change(on
average,about 10 hours)or a new car(8 hours)than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon
who wields（支配）the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their sur -
geons or primary care doctors,whoever those individuals happen to be.
I felt curious about the survey,so I called Dr. Thomas Russell,executive director of the American
College of Surgeons."There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel com-
pelled to look into their surgery or surgeons,"he told me.
There are consequences to that kind of blind trust."Today,medicine and surgery are really team
sports,"Dr. Russell continued,"and the patient,as the ultimate decision-maker,is the most important mem-
ber of the team.Mistakes can happen,and patients have to be educated and must understand what is
going on."
In other words,a healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simply entail good bedside manners and re-
sponsible office management on the part of the doctor. It also requires that patients come to the relationship
educated about their doctors,their illnesses and their treatment.
"If we are truly going to reform the health care system in the U.S.,"Dr. Russell said,"everybody has
to participate actively and must educate themselves.That means doctors,nurses,other health care
professionals , lawyers , pharmaceutical（制药的）companies , and insurance companies. But most of all , it
means the patient."
Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon,who was among the first to understand the importance of
gathering data in science,once observed,knowledge is power.
The author does NOT believe in__________.
A.lots of scientific data
B.Francis Bacon
C.blind trust
D.too much knowledge
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第一篇
Carbon Footprint
How often do you travel by plane?How much electricity do you use?
These days everyone is worried about the size of their carbon footprint.In order to reduce global warming we need to make our carbon footprints smaller. But how much CO2 are we responsible for?
A new book might be able to help.The Carbon Footprint of Everything looks at the different things we do and buy,and calculates the amount of CO2 all of the following created:the ingredients, the electricity used in the brewery，the equipment,the travel and commuting of the beer,and the packaging. It's amazing how many different things need to be included in each calculation.And it's frightening how much carbon dioxide everything produces.
But all of this can help us decide which beer to drink.From Berners-Lee's calculations,it's clear that a pint(568ml)of locally-brewed beer has a smaller carbon footprint than a bottle of imported beer. This is because the imported beer has been transported from far away,and it uses more packaging. The local beer only produces 300g of CO2,but the imported beer produces 900g! So, one pint of local beer is better for the environment than three cans of cheap foreign lager from the supermarket.
Berners-Lee has even calculated the carbon footprint of cycling to work.Nothing is more environmentally-friendly than riding a bike,surely?Well,it depends on what you've had to eat before. To ride a bike we need energy and for energy we need food.So if we eat a banana and then ride a kilometer and a half,our footprint is 65g of CO2.However,if we eat bacon before the bike ride,it's 200g. In fact,bananas are good in general because they don't need packaging,they can be transported by boat and they grow in natural sunlight.
So,does this mean that cycling is bad for the environment?Absolutely not,for a start,if you cycle,you don't use your car,and the fewer cars on the road,the fewer traffic jams.And cars in traffic jams produce three times more CO2 than cars traveling at speed.Cycling also makes you healthy and less likely to go to a hospital. And hospitals have very big carbon footprints!
So maybe it's time for us all to start making some changes.Pass me a banana and a pint of local beer,please.
The main idea of this passage is to explain that_________.
A.we should start making some changes
B.let's eat banana and drink a pint of local beer
C.how carbon footprint is created
D.how big is our carbon footprint
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第一篇
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes thai all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured,other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathematical,spatial,
musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）,and naturalistic.
According to Gardner,schools should______.
A.promote development of all intelligences
B.test students'IQs
C.train students who do poorly on tests
D.focus on finding the most intelligent students
