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Hack
The first big-name hackers included Steve Wozniak,Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds,all now highly recognizable names behind many of the computer technologies used today.These early hackers had a love of technology and a compelling need to know how it all worked,and their goal was to push programs beyond what they were designed to do.Back then,the word“hacker”didn't have the negative connotation it has today.The original hacker ethic,rooted out of simple curiosity and a need to be challenged,appears to be dead.
The objectives of early hackers are a far cry from the goals of today's hackers.The motivation of the new breed of hackers appears not to be curiosity,or a hunger for knowledge,as it used to be.Instead,most of today's hackers are driven by greed,power,revenge,or some other malicious intent,treating hacking as a game or sport,employing the tools that are readily available via the Internet.
The rate of security attacks is actually outpacing the growth of the Internet.This means that something besides the growth of the Internet is driving the rise in security attacks.Here are some realities you should know about:Operating systems and applications will never be secure.New vulnerabilities will be introduced into your environment every day.And even if you ever do get one operating system secure,there will be new operating systems with new vu1nerabilities-phones,wireless devices,and network appliances.Employees will never keep up with security policies and awareness.It doesn't matter how much you train and educate your employees.if your employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening questionable e-mail attachments,how are you going to educate them about properly configuring firewalls and intrusion detection systems for their PCs?Managers have more responsibility than ever.And on top of the realities listed above,security managers are being asked to support increasing degrees of network availability and access.There are some good security measures you can take:Employ a layer 7,full-inspection firewall.Automatically update your anti-virus at the gateway,server and client.Keep all of your systems and applications updated.Hackers commonly break into a website through known security holes,so make sure your servers and applications are patched and up to date.Turn off unnecessary network services.
Eliminate all unneeded programs.Scan network for common backdoor services一use intrusion detection systems, vulnerability scans,anti-virus protection.
Which of the following is NOT in accord with the passage?
A.New vulnerabilities will be introduced into your environment every day.
B.If employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening questionable e-mail attachments,the manager should educate them about properly configuring firewalls and intrusion detection systems for their PCs.
C.Managers have more responsibility than ever.
D.Security managers are asked to support increasing degrees of network availability and access.
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第二篇
Hack
The first big-name hackers include Steve Wozniak,Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds,all now highly recog-
nizable names behind many of the computer technologies used today. These early hackers had a love of tech-
nology and a compelling need to know how it all worked,and their goal was to push programs beyond what
they were designed to do.Back then,the word"hacker" didn't have the negative connotation it has today.
The original hacker ethic,rooted out of simple curiosity and a need to be challenged,appears to be dead.
The objectives of early hackers are a far cry from the goals of today'S hacker. The motivation of the new
breed of hackers appears not to be curiosity,or a hunger for knowledge,as it used to be.Instead,most of to-
day'S hackers are driven by greed,power,revenge,or some other malicious intent,treating hacking as a game
or sport,employing the tools that are retdily available via the Internet.
The rate of security attacks is actually outpacing the growth of the Internet.This means that something
besides the growth of the Internet is driving the rise in security attacks.Here are some realities you should
know about:Operating systems and applications will never be secure.New vulnerabilities will be introduced
into your environment every day.And even if you ever do get one operating system secure,there will be new
operating systems with new vulnerabilities一phones,wireless devices,and network appliances.Employees will
never keep up with security polices and awareness.It doesn't matter how much you train and educate your
employees.If your employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening questionable e-mail attach-
ments,how are you going to educate them about properly configuring firewalls and intrusion detection systems
for their PCs?Managers have more responsibility than ever. And on top of the realities listed above,security
managers are being asked to support increasing degrees of network availability and access.There are some
good security measures you can take:Employ a layer 7,full-inspection firewall.Automatically update your
anti-virus at the gateway,server and client. Keep all of your systems and applications updated.Hackers com-
monly break into a website through known security holes,so make sure your servers and applications are
patched and up to date.Turn off unnecessary network services.Eliminate all unneeded programs.Scan net-
work for common backdoor services一use intrusion detection systems,vulnerability scans,anti-virus protection.
Various security measures are recommended EXCEPT_________.
A.turning off network services
B.employing a full-inspection firewall
C.making sure that servers and applications are patched
D.eliminating all unneeded programs
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The First Settlement in North America
It is very difficult to saythat when colonization began.The first hundred years after Christo-pher Columbus’s journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North Ameri-can continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south,a great interest in gold and ad-venture,and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part.John Cabot,originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was estahlished as a trader in Bristol,England,when he made a journey in 1497 .But his ship,the Matthew,with its crew of eighteen,did no more than see an island(probably off the New England coast)and return home.He and his son made fur-ther voyages across the north Atlantic,which enahled the English Crown to claima“legal”title to North America.But for a long time afterwards the Europeans,interest in America was mainly con-fined to the Spanish activities further south.
Th e fi rst heginning of permanent settlement in North America was nearly a hundred yearsa仁 ter Columbus'5 first voyage.The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North Amer-ica for England,calling it Virginia.In 1585 he sent a small group ofpeople who landed in Roano-ke Island,but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led hy Drake,in 1 5 87 .A second group who landed in 1 587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590.
The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1 607 .English capitalists founded two Virginia companies,a southern one hased in London and a northern one based in Bristol.It was decided to give the name New England to the northernarea.The first settlers in Virginia were lit-tle more than wage slaves to the company.All were men and the experiment was not very success-ful .Many died.Those who survived lived in miserable conditions.By 1619 the colony had onlya thousand people.
The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
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First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump dur-ing a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is con-sidered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an appara-tus about the size of a washing machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an im-plantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality,"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.
Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."
The AbilCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.
Approximately two thousand one hundred patients received heart implantation in America last year.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
