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第一篇If your doctor cou"的相关试题:
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第一篇
If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long, would you take it?
The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date.Scientists have already extended the lives of flies,worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years.This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams,spending time with our loved ones,watching our families grow and have families of their own.
"Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking,"says Dr Gregory Stock of the University of California School of Public Health."It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."
Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war,poverty,all sorts of issues around,and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer,"says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan,"The question is what we will get as a society?I suspect it won't be a better society."
It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if 9 or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?
Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents,or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.
Working life would also be affected,especially if the retirement age was lifted.More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age一skill,wisdom and good judgment.
On the other hand,more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals,making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?
Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140.It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people,and more on making life comfortable for the old.
And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom,but less energy.Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still.Young people tend to act without thinking.Old people tend to think without acting.Young people are curious and like to experience different things.Old people are less enthusiastic about change.In fact,they are less enthusiastic about everything.
The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think.But as the science advances,we need to think about these changes now."If this could ever happen,then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get,"says Daniel Callahan."We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."
Which of the following best describes Callahan's attitude to anti-ageing technology?
A.Optimistic.
B.Pessimistic.
C.Reserved.
D.Negative.
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Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost
Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health,but also for the whole immune system,especially
when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold.In a study on an animal model,researchers in
Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch(RPS)not only had a healthier bowel,but also
decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes（淋巴细胞）in their blood. White
blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease,generally when the body is challenged.
The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall
beneficial effect,a generally healthier body.The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent.Lower
lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduce levels of inflammation,but the observed reduction in both
lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.
In what was the longest study of its kind,pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of
starch on bowel health."The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of
a diet high in resistant starch,"said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Aut6noma de
Barcelona,Spain.
Humans do not eat raw potatoes,but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch,such as cold
boiled potatoes,legumes,grains,green bananas,pasta and cereals.About 10 percent of the starch eaten by
human is resistant starch一starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large
intestine where it ferments.Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may
also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome(lBS).
Immunology expert Lena Ohman's team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary
for lBS patients,but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut,which supports
the hypothesis of lBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes
observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting,and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS
patients.Ohman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine,Goteborg University,Sweden.The
study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry，the magazine of the SCI.
What kind of starch is resistant starch after all?
A.It may cause irritable bowel syndrome.
B.It may bring about at least partially inflammatory disorder.
C.It may raise leucocyte and lymphocyte levels in the body.
D.It cannot be digested in the small intestine and ferments in the large intestine.
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Carbon Footprint
How often do you travel by plane?How much electricity do you use?
These days everyone is worried about the size of their carbon footprint.In order to reduce global warming we need to make our carbon footprints smaller. But how much CO2 are we responsible for?
A new book might be able to help.The Carbon Footprint of Everything looks at the different things we do and buy,and calculates the amount of CO2 all of the following created:the ingredients, the electricity used in the brewery，the equipment,the travel and commuting of the beer,and the packaging. It's amazing how many different things need to be included in each calculation.And it's frightening how much carbon dioxide everything produces.
But all of this can help us decide which beer to drink.From Berners-Lee's calculations,it's clear that a pint(568ml)of locally-brewed beer has a smaller carbon footprint than a bottle of imported beer. This is because the imported beer has been transported from far away,and it uses more packaging. The local beer only produces 300g of CO2,but the imported beer produces 900g! So, one pint of local beer is better for the environment than three cans of cheap foreign lager from the supermarket.
Berners-Lee has even calculated the carbon footprint of cycling to work.Nothing is more environmentally-friendly than riding a bike,surely?Well,it depends on what you've had to eat before. To ride a bike we need energy and for energy we need food.So if we eat a banana and then ride a kilometer and a half,our footprint is 65g of CO2.However,if we eat bacon before the bike ride,it's 200g. In fact,bananas are good in general because they don't need packaging,they can be transported by boat and they grow in natural sunlight.
So,does this mean that cycling is bad for the environment?Absolutely not,for a start,if you cycle,you don't use your car,and the fewer cars on the road,the fewer traffic jams.And cars in traffic jams produce three times more CO2 than cars traveling at speed.Cycling also makes you healthy and less likely to go to a hospital. And hospitals have very big carbon footprints!
So maybe it's time for us all to start making some changes.Pass me a banana and a pint of local beer,please.
The main idea of this passage is to explain that_________.
A.we should start making some changes
B.let's eat banana and drink a pint of local beer
C.how carbon footprint is created
D.how big is our carbon footprint
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Almost Human?
Scientists are racing to build the world's first thinking robot.This is not science fiction:
some say they will have made it by the year 2020.Carol Packer reports.
Machines that walk,speak and feel are no longer science fiction.Kismet is the name
of an android（机器人）which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT).Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it can show
human emotions.Its eyes,ears and lips move to show when it feels happy,sad or bored.
Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids一robots that look like human
beings一which can imitate human feelings.Cog,another android invented by the MIT,
imitates the action of a mother. However,scientists admit that so far Cog has the mental
ability of a two-year-old.
The optimists（乐观主义者）say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids
（机器人）with brains similar to those of an adult human being. These robots will be
designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public.
What kind of jobs will they do?In the future,robots like Robonaut,a humanoid invented by
NASA,Will be doing dangerous jobs,like repairing space stations.They will also be doing
more and more of the household work for us.In Japan,scientists are designing androids
that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano.
Some people worry about what the future holds:will robots become monsters（怪物）?
Will people themselves become increasingly like robots?Experts predict that more and more
people will be wearing micro-computers,connected to the Internet,in the future.People
will have micro-chips in various parts of their body,which will connect them to a wide variety
of gadgets（小装置）.Perhaps we should not exaggerate（夸大）the importance of
technology,but one wonders whether,in years to come,we will still be falling in love,
and whether we will still feel pain.Who knows?
What is the writer's attitude to robots in the future?
A.Critical.
B.Hostile.
C.Objective.
D.Enthusiastic.
