更多"Naturalists have long known that th"的相关试题:
[填空题]Naturalists have long known that the apes, our nearest relative in the animal 76. ______
kingdom, communicate with one and another through gestures, sounds and facial 77. ______
expressions. But it was always thought that only human beings can use words 78. ______
and sentences. In the 1960s, however, researchers set themselves the task of reach 79. ______
chimpanzees to communicate with humans. At first the scientists tried make them 80. ______
to speak. But no chimp ever managed to acquire a vocabulary of more than four words 81. ______
and even these were spoken with great difficult. The breakthrough came when two 82. ______
scientists from the University of Nevada decided to try America Sign Language, 83. ______
system of gestures used by deaf people. After four years, they had taught their first 84. ______
chimpanzees to use 132 signs correctly to communicate their wants and needs. 85. ______
[单项选择]Humans have long been aware that our health is linked with all the following factors EXCEPT
A. our thought
B. emotions
C. relationships
D. wealth
[单项选择]Neuroscientists have long understood that the brain can rewire itself in response to experience—a phenomenon known as neuroplasticity. But until recently, they didn"t know what causes gray matter to become plastic, to begin changing. Breakthrough research by a team at MIT"s Picower Institute for Learning and Memory has documented one type of environmental feedback that triggers plasticity: success. Equally important and somewhat surprising: Its opposite, failure, has no impact. Earl Miller, the lead researcher on the study, says understanding the link to environmental feedback is crucial to improving how people teach and motivate because it"s a big part of how we learn. But we absorb more from success than from failure, according to the study. Miller"s researchers gave monkeys a simple learning task: They presented one of two pictures. If it was Picture A, the monkeys were supposed to look to the left; if Picture B, to the right. When the monkeys looked in the correct direction, they were rewarded with a drop of juice. All the while the team recorded brain function. "Neurons(cells specialized to conduct nerve impulses)in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, where the brain tracks success and failure, sharpened their tuning after success," says Miller. What"s more, those changes lingered for several seconds, making brain activity more efficient the next time the monkey did the task. Thereafter, each success was processed more efficiently. That is, the monkey had learned. "But after failure," Miller points out, "there was little change in brain activity." In other words, the brain didn"t store any information about what went wrong and use it the next time. The monkey just tried, tried again. Miller says this means that on a neurological level, success is actually a lot more informative than failure. If you get a reward, the brain remembers what it did right. But with failure(unless there is a clear negative consequence, like the shock a child feels when she sticks something in an electrical outlet), the brain isn"t sure what to store, so it doesn"t change at all. Does this research confirm the management tenet of focusing on your—and your team"s—strengths and successes Miller cautions against making too tidy a connection between his findings and an environment like the workplace, but he offers this suggestion: "Maybe the lesson is to know that the brain will learn from success, and you don"t need to dwell on that. You need to pay more attention to failures and challenge why you fail."Which of the following is true of Earl Miller"s research
A. It discovers neuroplasticity.
B. It is the first study of this kind.
C. It studies one environmental feedback.
D. It attests to one cause of neuroplasticity.
[单项选择]Scientists have long bickered over whether hypocrisy is driven by emotion or by reason. The role of emotion in moral judgments has upended the Enlightenment notion that our ethical sense is based on high-minded philosophy and cognition.
In a new study that will not exactly restore your faith in human nature, psychologists David DeSteno and Piercarlo Valdesolo of Northeastern University instructed 94 people to assign themselves and a stranger one of two tasks, an easy one, looking for hidden images in a photo, or a hard one, solving math and logic problems. The participants could make the assignments themselves, or have a computer do it randomly. Then everyone was asked, how fairly did you act, from "extremely unfairly" (1) to "extremely fairly" (7). Next they watched someone else make the assignments, and judged that person’s ethics.
Selflessness was a virtual no-show. 87 out of 94 people opted for the easy task and gave the next guy the onerous one. Hypocrisy, however, showe
A. people often misinterpreted others’ behavior and motives.
B. selfish people never realize that they are performing such acts.
C. people judged themselves more harshly than they do others.
D. a large majority of people demonstrated a selfish tendency.
