[单项选择]Rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. The italicized part is used to modify （）
A. the object
B. the verb
C. the subject
D. the prepositional phrase

[简答题]Society not only continues to exist by transmission, by communication, but it may fairly be said to exist in transmission, in communication. There is more than a verbal tie between the words common, community, and communication. (46) Men live in a community in virtue of the things which they have in common; and communication is the way in which they come to possess things in common. (47) What they must have in common in order to form a community or society are aims, beliefs, aspirations, knowledge—a common understanding—like-mindedness as the sociologists say. Such things cannot be passed physically from one to another, like bricks; they cannot be shared as persons would share a pie by dividing it into physical pieces. (48) The communication which insures participation in a common understanding is one which secures similar emotional and intellectual dispositions—like ways of responding to expectations and requirements.
Persons do not become a society by living

[单项选择]Not only she but also her neighbours （　）to the party.
A. was invited
B. has been invited
C. have invited
D. were invited

[单项选择]

Text 3 
“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Fiedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies –at least when they are prosecuted for corruption. 
The largest firms is America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR , according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm ,This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes is helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo
A. winning trust from consumers. 
B. guarding it against malpractices.
C. protecting it from being defamed.
D. raising the quality of its products.

[简答题]social unrest

[单项选择]

SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN ANIMALS

1 Social behavior is communication that permits a group of animals of the same species to become organized cooperatively. Social behavior includes any interaction that is a consequence of one animal’s response to another of its own species, such as an individual fighting to defend a territory. However, not all aggregations of animals are social. Clusters of moths attracted to a light at night or trout gathering in the coolest pool of a stream are groupings of animals responding to environmental signals. Social aggregations, on the other hand, depend on signals from the animals themselves, which stay together and do things together by influencing one another.
2 Social animals are not all social to the same degree. Some species cooperate only long enough to achieve reproduction, while others--such as geese and beavers--form strong pair bonds that last a lifetime. The most persistent social bonds usu
A. To show how social behavior benefits each individual in a group
B. To point out the role of the environment in social organization
C. To give examples of groupings that do not represent social behavior
D. To explain how not all social behavior has the same purpose

[单项选择]

Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable.
Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry
A. They tend to serve the interest of those who enforce the norms.
B. They tend to serve the interest of those who receive a benefit.
C. They tend to serve the interest of those who make the rules.
D. They tend to serve the interest of those who are powerful.