Recorded background music first found its way into factories, shops and restaurants in the States. But it soon spread to other parts of the world. Now it is becoming increasingly difficult to go shopping or eat a meal without listening to music.
The best-known supplier of background music is an American company called "Muzak". This word also refers to recorded background music played continuously in restaurants, places of work, etc. The company has carded over a hundred studies which show that background music can create a pleasant atmosphere and improve productivity (生产效率). It must be used in the right way, though. If the type of "Muzak" is wrong, it may well cause an entire factory to sleep!
Text 2 For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has "continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense. But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the
A. reduced their d ropout rates
B. narrowed the achievement gao
C. missed its original pu rpose
D. depressed college students
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