[单项选择]
By the early 1950s, some business people began to recognize that efficient production and extensive promotion did not guarantee that customers would buy products. These businesses, and many others, found that they must first determine what customers want and then produce it, rather than make products and try to change customers’ needs to fit what is expected. As more organizations realized the importance of knowing customers’ needs, U.S. businesses entered the marketing era, one of market or customer orientations (取向, 方向). Orientation toward customer satisfaction has resulted in increased concern about ethics and social responsibility and brought about an expansion into global markets. Management at many organizations has realized that we are in the "Total Quality Era", in which improved product quality, and customer focus are major components of successful domestic and global operations.
Because the marketing concept affects many parts of a business
A. the importance of efficient production
B. the necessity of extensive promotion
C. the need to try to change customers’ needs
D. the significance of knowing customers’ needs

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[单项选择]

By the early 1950s, some business people began to recognize that efficient production and extensive promotion did not guarantee that customers would buy products. These businesses, and many others, found that they must first determine what customers want and then produce it, rather than make products and try to change customers’ needs to fit what is expected. As more organizations realized the importance of knowing customers’ needs, U.S. businesses entered the marketing era, one of market or customer orientations (取向, 方向). Orientation toward customer satisfaction has resulted in increased concern about ethics and social responsibility and brought about an expansion into global markets. Management at many organizations has realized that we are in the "Total Quality Era", in which improved product quality, and customer focus are major components of successful domestic and global operations.
Because the marketing concept affects many parts of a business
A. customers’ needs
B. management philosophy
C. business operations
D. market share

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[填空题]

Business people find that some jobs take them away from home for longer than a few days. Those who find themselves at a new job site for weeks or months are often choosing to stay at apartment-hotels. These residences offer small and full-sized apartments that can be rented short-term. Apartments are fully furnished with everything from sofas to TV sets to dishes. Best of all, they are run like hotels, with cleaning and linen services, gyms and restaurants, and a desk clerk to take messages and help tenants (房客、租户) with questions about the city. Apartment-hotels are often more cost-effective than standard hotels and more comfortable than hastily furnished apartments.
{{U}} (46) {{/U}}away from home for weeks or months are likely to stay{{U}} (47) {{/U}}, which have characteristics of apartments and hotels. They are fully{{U}} (48) {{/U}}with every- thing and have{{U}} (49) {{/U}}services, gyms and restau- rants, and{{U}} (50) {{/U

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[填空题] You will hear five different business people talking about cultural differences in doing business in different countries. For each extract there are two tasks. For Task One, choose the dos described from the list A—H. For Task Two, choose the don’’ts described from the list A—H. You will hear the recording twice.TASK TWO A. Don’t talk with hands in pockets when doing business in Latin America. B. Don’t give carnations to Japanese. C. Don’t rush straight to work at business meals. D. Don’t use first name when doing business with Japanese and German. E. Don’t give hugs to Latins as a greeting. F. With Asian and German associates, don’t start a meeting with an informal tone. G. Don’t have more eye contact with Europeans. H. Avoid purple flowers and gifts in Brazil.

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