In recent years there has been an
increasing number of large oil spills. These spills, some of which have occurred
directly at the site of extraction and others during transportation, have had in
adverse effect on marine organisms. Because of the importance of these organisms
in the life cycle, research has been carried out in order to identify more
accurately the reactions of these organisms to oil. A recent study has revealed
that it is essential to understand that there is not one but rather, at least
four possible ways in which oil can affect an organism. First,
as a result of an organism’s ingestion of oil, direct lethal toxicity (毒性), that
is, death by poisoning, can occur. However, in cases where the effect is less
extreme, sub-lethal toxicity occurs. While cellular and physiological processes
are involved in both cases A. at the site of extraction B. during transportation C. before making use of it D. A&B
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[单项选择] Passage Three
In recent years there has been an
increasing number of large oil spills. These spills, some of which have occurred
directly at the site of extraction and others during transportation, have had in
adverse effect on marine organisms. Because of the importance of these organisms
in the life cycle, research has been carried out in order to identify more
accurately the reactions of these organisms to oil. A recent study has revealed
that it is essential to understand that there is not one but rather, at least
four possible ways in which oil can affect an organism. First,
as a result of an organism’s ingestion of oil, direct lethal toxicity (毒性), that
is, death by poisoning, can occur. However, in cases where the effect is less
extreme, sub-lethal toxicity occurs. While cellular and physiological processes
are involved in both cases A. Marine Organisms. B. Oil Spills. C. The Effect of Oil on Marine Organisms. D. The Study of Oil Spills.
[单项选择] Passage Three
Three years ago, researchers announced the discovery
of human genes that were capable of turning ordinary cells into malignant ones.
The news met with some skepticism. Experts asked how a single gene could cause
such a dramatic change. Why does cancer take years or even decades to develop if
it is caused by such a simple and direct process In last week’s issue of the,
three research teams answered those questions by setting forth a new model for
understanding the role of oncogenes in cancer. Each group found
that it does in fact take more than a single gene to produce cancer in normal
cells. Teams at M. I. T and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on Long Island, N. Y.
, reported that they could induce cancer in normal rat cells only by inserting
at least two types of oncogene into the cells. "A single oncogene produced some
changes, A. was caused by normal cells B. sometimes resulted from internal actions of the victim’s own body C. was a hereditary disease D. was a form of malignancy
[单项选择]
Passage Three
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 per cent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four rail roads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.
Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.
The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typicall A. cost reduction is based on competition. B. services call for cross-trade coordination. C. outside competitors will continue to exist. D. shippers will have the railway by the throat.
[填空题] Passage Three For years researchers thought that IQ, or fluid intelligence-the ability to solve new problems and reason well-could not be (1) . You had the smarts you were born with, period. No one believed that a few brain exercises, if done often enough, could boost (2) intelligence. A study published in Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences shatters that dogm - a.
Researchers ran participants through a (3) of training sessions with a computerized test that was (4) to become harder as the participants’ scores rose and (5) as their scores went down. The task involved observing two streams of stimuli, one heard (spoken consonants) and one seen (spatial locations). The demanding part (6) nothing when the two stimuli matched what had occurred two or even three steps (7) in the sequence. Each participant’s intelligence was (8) before taking the first te
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