[单项选择]

Until the 20th century cigarette smoking was not a widespread habit. The cigarette industry started in the 1870s with the development of cigarette manufacturing machines. It helped produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly and reduce the price greatly. And consequently more and more people, both men and women, began to smoke cigarettes. Men as a group, however, smoke more than women. But the highest proportion of smokers is found in the age group of 24-44, regardless of sex difference.
Income, education and occupation all play a part in determining a person’s smoking habits. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a higher income smokes at all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day.
The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly m
A. Well-paid men with good education are more likely to smoke.
B. Women with high family incomes and good education are more likely to smoke.
C. Generally speaking, well-educated women with higher incomes smoke very few cigarettes.
D. Well-educated men usually smoke more packs of cigarettes than well-educated women.

Until the 20th century cigarette smoking was not a widespread habit. The cigarette industry started in the 1870s with the development of cigarette manufacturing machines. It helped produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly and reduce the price greatly. And consequently more and more people, both men and women, began to smoke cigarettes. Men as a group, however, smoke more than women. But the highest proportion of smokers is found in the age group of 24-44, regardless of sex difference.
Income, education and occupation all play a part in determining a person’s smoking habits. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a higher income smokes at all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day.
The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly m
A. Before the 1870s.
B. In the year of 1870.
C. When cigarettes were made in large numbers.
D. When women began to smoke cigarettes.

Throughout the 19th century and into the 20th, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centres of (1) , crime, poverty and moral (2) Their distrust was caused, (3) , by a national ideology that (4) farming the greatest occupation and rural living (5) to urban living. This attitude (6) even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential (7) of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands (8) the precarious (不稳定的) life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people (9) from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were (10) with great problems, eagerly (11) the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of th
A. overwhelmed
B. overflowed
C. overtaken
D. preoccupied