Set 2
POLITICAL SYSTEMS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.Monarchy is a form of government in which authority is held by a single person, a monarch, whose right to rule is generally hereditary and lifelong. At the start of the twentieth century, monarchs ruled over most of the world, but by the middle of the century, only a handful remained. A series of revolutions in the preceding centuries had weakened the European monarchies, and while monarchs remained symbols of national unity, real power had passed to constitutional assemblies. Monarchy survived as a form in Europe only where the king or queen functioned as the symbolic head of a parliamentary state, as in Britain, the Low Countries, and Scandinavia. It lasted longer in the few small states of Asia and Africa that had never come under direct colonial rule. By the 1960s, autocratic monarchy had become an outdated form of government. Throughout most of the world, peo
Set 2
POLITICAL SYSTEMS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
1.Monarchy is a form of government in which authority is held by a single person, a monarch, whose right to rule is generally hereditary and lifelong. At the start of the twentieth century, monarchs ruled over most of the world, but by the middle of the century, only a handful remained. A series of revolutions in the preceding centuries had weakened the European monarchies, and while monarchs remained symbols of national unity, real power had passed to constitutional assemblies. Monarchy survived as a form in Europe only where the king or queen functioned as the symbolic head of a parliamentary state, as in Britain, the Low Countries, and Scandinavia. It lasted longer in the few small states of Asia and Africa that had never come under direct colonial rule. By the 1960s, autocratic monarchy had become an outdated form of government. Throughout most of the world, peo
A. Monarchs did not allow the people to vote in democratic elections.
B. Monarchs did not have real power but were symbols of national unity.
C. The monarch in most countries was a king rather than a queen.
D. Monarchs were responsible for starting many popular revolutions.
Until the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat to public health. Men used tobacco mainly in the form of cigars, chewing tobacco, pipe tobacco, and snuff(鼻烟). Most women did not use tobacco at all.
The cigarettes industry began in the 1870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machine. This made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly, and it reduced the price.
Today cigarette smoking is a widespread habit. About forty-three percent of adult men and thirty-one percent of adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit. Seventy-five percent of the male population and forty-six percent of the female population have smoked cigarettes at some time during their lives, but twenty-six percent of these men and eleven percent of women have stopped smoking. The number of persons who have given up smoking is incre
A. the decrease of cigarette-smokers
B. the increase of imported cigarettes
C. the development of cigarette machine
D. the increase of cigar-smokers
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