As college seniors hurtle into the job hunt, little fibs on the resume--for example, claiming a degree when they’re three credits shy of graduation--seem harmless enough. So new grads ought to read this memo now: those 20-year-old falsehoods on cream-colored, 32-lb. premium paper have poleaxed so many high-profile executives that you wonder who in the business world hasn’t got the message. A resume listing two fictitious degrees led to the resignation of David Edmondson, CEO of RadioShack. Untruthful curricula vitae have also hobbled the careers of executives at Bausch & Lomb, Veritas Software and the U. S. Olympic Committee.
The headlines haven’t dented job seekers’ desire to dissemble even as employers have grown increasingly able to detect deception. InfoLink Screening Services, a background-checking company, estimates that 14% of job applicants in the U. S. lie about their education on their resumes. (A common boast by guys: that they playe
A. one’s dishonest acts might be punished someday.
B. many graduates tell trivial lies when preparing their resumes.
C. some untruthful resumes have enabled new grads to hunt jobs.
D. high-profile executives are able to identify the truthfulness of a resume.
TEXT B
A perennial problem in semantics is the delineation of its subject matter. The term meaning can be used in a variety of ways, and only some of these correspond to the usual understanding of the scope of linguistic or computational semantics. We shall take the scope of semantics to be restricted to the literal interpretations of sentences in a context, ignoring phenomena like irony, metaphor, or conversational implicature.
A standard assumption in computationally oriented semantics is that knowledge of the meaning of a sentence can be equated with knowledge of its truth conditions: that is, knowledge of what the world would be like if the sentence were true. This is not the same as knowing whether a sentence is true, which is usually an empirical matter, but knowledge of truth conditions is a prerequisite for such verification to be possible. Meaning as truth conditions needs to be generalized somewhat for the case of imperatives or question
A. Irony.
B. Literal interpretations of sentences m a context.
C. Metaphor.
D. Conversational implicature.
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