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Philanthropy
It has become an American tradition that those who attain great wealth return some of it to the public through philanthropy. An early example of this was the generosity of Amos Lawrence of Massachusetts, a wealthy merchant who in the 1830s and afterwards contributed much money for famine relief in Ireland. He also donated generously to educational and other humanitarian causes.
In the early years of the twentieth century several men who had amassed vast
(1) likewise became great philanthropists. Andrew Carnegie, an exceptionally energetic man,
(2) has begun working twelve hours a day when he was only fourteen years old,
(3) one of the world’s richest men by pioneering in the steel
(4) . After his retirement in 1900 he devoted his time and his wealth to the
(5) of free public libraries. He also set up foundations for medical research and
(6) world peace.
[单项选择]In recent years American society has become increasingly dependent on its universities to find solutions to its major problems. It is the universities that have been charged with the principal responsibility for developing the expertise to place men on the moon; for dealing with our urban problems, and with our deteriorating environment; for developing the means to feed the world"s rapidly increasing population. The effort involved in meeting these demands presents its own problems. In addition, this concentration on the creation of new knowledge significantly impinges on the universities" efforts to perform their other principal functions, the transmission and interpretation of knowledge—the imparting of the heritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation to carry it forward. With regard to this, perhaps their most traditionally sanctioned task, colleges and universities today find themselves in a serious bind generally. On the one hand, there is the American commitment, entered into especially since World War II, to provide higher education for all young people who can profit from it. The result of the commitment has been a dramatic rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical shift from the private to the public sector of higher education. On the other hand, there are serious and continuing limitations on the resources available for higher education. While higher education has become a great "growth industry", it is also simultaneously a tremendous drain on the resources of the nation. With the vast increase in enrollment and the shift in priorities away from education in state and federal budgets, there is in most of our public institutions a significant decrease in per capita outlay for their students. One crucial aspect of this drain on resources lies in the persistent shortage of trained faculty, which has led, in turn, to a declining standard of competence in instruction. Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated above, the concern with research, with its competing claims on resources and the attention of the faculty. In addition, there is a strong tendency for the institutions" organization and functioning to conform to the demands of research rather thorn those of teaching.According to the author, ______ is the most important function of institutions of higher education.
A. creating new knowledge
B. providing solutions to social problems
C. making experts on sophisticated industries out of their students
D. preparing their students to transmit inherited knowledge
