[简答题]单盲(single blind)

[简答题]单盲(single blind)

[单项选择]实验流行病学研究的单盲法是指（）
A. 研究对象、实施干预的研究人员和负责资料收集和分析的研究人员均不了解试验分组情况
B. 研究设计者和研究对象均不清楚试验分组情况
C. 研究设计者不了解试验分组情况
D. 实施干预的研究人员不了解试验分组情况
E. 研究对象不清楚试验分组情况

[单项选择]某研究者采用随机单盲临床试验比较两种降压药（波依定与洛汀新）对轻中度原发性高血压患者的降压疗效。其单盲设计中不了解试验分组情况的人是（）。
A. 测量血压的护士
B. 实施治疗的医生
C. 负责设计的研究者
D. 统计分析人员
E. 接受治疗的患者

[单项选择]某科研小组，利用中、重度哮喘的病人，给不同剂量的呋塞米雾化吸入治疗进行单盲的人体试验。自愿参加的受试者被随机分成治疗组与对照组，并且所有的受试者在试验前停用平喘药一天，除有明显的低氧血症的患者给予30％氧气外，均不加用其他药物。治疗组给不同浓度呋塞米生理盐水溶液雾化吸入20分钟，对照组仅给生理盐水雾化吸入，观察4小时。结果治疗组85％有效；对照组除1例起效和1例无变化外，82％的受试者肺功能较前恶化。请对上述案例进行伦理分析，它违背了下述的
A. 医学目的原则
B. 知情同意的原则
C. 维护受试者利益原则
D. 随机对照原则
E. 最优化原则

[简答题]双盲(double blind)

[简答题]三盲(triple blind)

[简答题]Single nucleotide polymorphism

[单项选择]Blind people usually possess one advantage over other people who can see: their sense of hearing is far more acute. Sounds which most others would miss can carry a great deal of information to a sightless person. For instance, teams of blind children can enjoy fast-moving games of soccer with a bell inside the ball and a new hand-held ultrasonic device to guide them. And that sound-location system could help to build up an even more complete sound picture of a blind person’s surroundings.
Bats, whose sight is poor, use a sound-location system to help them avoid obstacles in the dark. They send out pulses of sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second, far above the limits of the human ear, which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about 20,000 cycles per second. As the echoes bounce back off obstacles such as trees and walls, the bats are able to take appropriate action.
The first steps to help blind people to see with sound are based on exactly the same principle. The

[单项选择]
Blindness first began creeping up on Barbara Campbell when she was a teenager, and by her late 30s, her eye disease had stolen what was left of her sight.
Reliant on a talking computer for reading and a cane for navigating New York City, where she lives and works, Ms. Campbell, now 56, would have been thrilled to see something. Anything.
Now, as part of a striking experiment, she can. So far, she can detect burners on her stove when making a grilled cheese, her mirror frame, and whether her computer monitor is on.
She is beginning an intensive three--year research project involving electrodes surgically implanted in her eye, a camera on the bridge of her nose and a video processor strapped to her waist.
The project, involving patients in the United States, Mexico and Europe, is part of a burst of
recent research aimed at one of science’ s most. sought - after holy grails (无法实现的
A. in her teens.
B. in her thirties.
C. at birth.
D. in her fifties.

[填空题]Need-blind admission policy means colleges decide whether to make an offer of admission without______.