[单项选择]Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure., how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one’s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.
Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions "What happened" and "How did it happen" have given way to the question "Why did it happen" Prominent among the methods used to answer the question "Why" is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.
Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in hi
A. a report of events, causes, and effects that is generally accepted by historians but which is, for the most part, unverifiable
B. an episodic account that lacks cohesion because records of the role of childhood, work, and leisure in the lives of historical figures are rare
C. an uncharted sea of seemingly unexplainable events that have meaning only when examined as discrete units
D. a record of the way in which a closed set of immutable psychological laws seems to have shaped events

[单项选择]Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure., how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one’s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.
Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions "What happened" and "How did it happen" have given way to the question "Why did it happen" Prominent among the methods used to answer the question "Why" is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.
Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in hi
A. The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.
B. Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychoistorians.
C. Areas of sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditional historians.
D. The psychological assessment of an individual’s behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily lif

[单项选择]Study after study has shown what has come to be known as an "empathy gap" in people. In its simplest form, this means that when we are happy we have trouble identifying with someone who is sad, or when we’re angry we have difficulty understanding why someone is content. Basically, our ability to empathise with another person is dependent on the state we ourselves are in, and this has some interesting implications for public policy.
A recent study by Loran Nordgren of Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management, Mary-Hunter Morris of Harvard Law School, and George Loewenstein of Carnegie Mellon University, examined the empathy gap with regard to torture policy. Man’s propensity to turn monster has long been of interest to behaviourists and psychologists. Witness Philip Zimbardo’s prison experiment, or Stanley Milgram’s shock experiment. Both of those studies, along with many others, support the idea that our actions depend as much on context as on any inherent dispositio
A. We are hostile to those who win over us in sports competition.
B. We share our happiness and bear infliction in the road toward success.
C. We bring our fury under control when other people rebuke us.
D. We believe there is neither everlasting friendship nor eternal enmity.

[简答题]Joe settled down to his study. He had gobbled down everything on the table. (sentence with a modifying phrase )

[单项选择]The recent study of has produced some interesting results showing that humans have a built-in 24-hour biological clock.
A. biographs
B. biorhythms
C. bioscopes
D. biotypes

[填空题]

conglomerate has had decided to purchase a European firm. "The best acquisitions in the United States have already been picked, " the president told the board of directors. "However, I’m

[简答题]Relativity theory has had a profound influence on our picture of matter by forcing us to modify our concept of a particle in an essential way. (46) In classical physics, the mass of an object had always been associated with an indestructible material substance, with some "stuff" of which all things were thought to be made. Relativity theory showed that mass has nothing to do with any substance, but is a form energy. Energy, however, is a dynamic quantity associated with activity, or with processes. (47) The fact that the mass of a particle is equivalent to a certain of energy means that the particle can no longer be seen as a static _object, but has to be conceived as a dynamic pattern, a process involving the energy which manifest itself as the particle’s mass.
(48) This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac when he formulated a relativistic equation describing the behavior of electrons. Dirac’s theory was not only extremely

[填空题]Everyone has had this experience of losing attention, but probably few people understand one of the main reasons why we have this trouble keeping our attention on the speaker. The reason is this: There is a great deal of difference between talking speed and listening speed. The result of this gap is that we have a lot of (36) time to use while listening to a (37) .
Here are three mental techniques you can use to keep your (38) on the speaker. First of all, (39) what the speaker has said. Do this after each new point is developed. This (40) summarizing will help you pay attention. Second, try to guess where the speaker is going next. Try to (41) what direction the speaker is going to take, based on what has already been said. This game you play with yourself arouses your curiosity and helps (42) your attention. Third, question the truth, the (43) , of the speaker’s words. Keep trying to decide