[单项选择]

Psychological maladjustment in children is caused by the stress of the birthing process as is proved by the discovery of a positive relationship between the duration of the mother’s labor and the amount of time the child spent crying in the first month of life. Which of the following, if true, LEAST damages the author’s assertion（）

A. There is no relationship between the amount of time spent crying and psychological maladjustment
B. Behavior indicative of psychological maladjustment does not appear until the third month of a child’s life
C. From the infant’s point of view, a hurried labor is more stressful than a gradual, slow delivery
D. The estimates of the duration of labor were based on obstetricians’ estimates of the time of the onset of labor
E. The infants who have experienced the greatest stress during birth are often too weak to cry for extended periods of time

[填空题]The children

[填空题]The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning ,or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. 71. The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with illinformed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user. 　　All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. 72. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness

[单项选择]What caused the problem
A. A bad weather
B. A defective product
C. A delivery charge
D. A supply shortage

[填空题]
By refusing to take essential medication after a kidney transplant, a 49-year-old woman drives her doctors and nurses to distraction — to no avail, because the organ has in the end to be removed. (1) Patients refusing to cooperate with medical professionals cause damage not only to themselves but also impose substantial costs on the community. The pharmaceutical company Glaxo Welcome estimates the costs to the German taxpayers of this kind of negative behaviour at around five billion dollars a year.
A. recent conference of medical professionals, health insurers, the pharmaceutical industry and patient representatives revealed a wide range of factors behind non-compliance. Not all defiant behaviour in a patient can be characterized as non-compliance. Greater stress should be placed on psychology during medical training, delegates said. (2)
Psychologist

[简答题]Psychological techniques used to lessen the effort involved in a given job include a detailed study of the motion required to do the job, the equipment used, and the conditions under which the job is performed.

[单项选择]Psychological testing is a measurement of some aspect of human behavior by procedures consisting of carefully prescribed content, methods of administration, and interpretation. Test content may be addressed to almost any aspect of intellectual or emotional functioning, including personality traits, attitudes, intelligence, or emotional concerns. Tests usually are administered by a qualified clinical, school, or industrial psychologist, according to professional and ethical principles. Interpretation is based on a comparison of the individual’s responses with those previously obtained to establish appropriate standards for test scores. The usefulness of psychological tests depends on their accuracy in predicting behavior. By providing information about the probability of a person’s responses or performance, tests aid in making a variety of decisions.
The primary impetus for the development of the major tests used today was the need for practical guidelines for solving social probl
A. its correctness in foretelling behavior
B. its practical guidelines for solving social problems
C. any aspect of intellectual or emotional functioning
D. the ways to provide information about the probability of one’s performance or response