[单项选择]Late Victorian and modern ideas of culture are always, in some sense, attributed to Matthew Arnold, who, largely through his Culture and Anarchy (1869) , placed the word at the center of debates about the goals of intellectual life and humanistic society. Arnold defined culture as "the pursuit of total perfection by means of getting to know, on all matters which most concern us, the best which has been thought and said in the world". It was Arnold’’s hope that, through this knowledge, we can turn "a fresh and free thought upon our stock notions and habits". Although Arnold’’s thinking about culture helped to define the purposes of the liberal arts curriculum in the century following the publication of Culture, three concrete forms of disagreement with Arnold’’s views have had considerable impact of their own. 　　The first can be seen as protesting Arnold’’s fearful destination of "anarchy" as culture’’s enemy. This division seems to set up simply one more version of the old struggle be
A. disclosing the paradoxical nature of arguments against Arnold’’s culture.
B. presenting evidence conflicting with the opponents’’ opinions.
C. asserting the opposite views to be oversimplifications of the facts.
D. drawing analogies between opponents’’ claims and other false ideas.

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[单项选择]Late Victorian and modern ideas of culture are always, in some sense, attributed to Matthew Arnold, who, largely through his Culture and Anarchy (1869) , placed the word at the center of debates about the goals of intellectual life and humanistic society. Arnold defined culture as "the pursuit of total perfection by means of getting to know, on all matters which most concern us, the best which has been thought and said in the world". It was Arnold’’s hope that, through this knowledge, we can turn "a fresh and free thought upon our stock notions and habits". Although Arnold’’s thinking about culture helped to define the purposes of the liberal arts curriculum in the century following the publication of Culture, three concrete forms of disagreement with Arnold’’s views have had considerable impact of their own. 　　The first can be seen as protesting Arnold’’s fearful destination of "anarchy" as culture’’s enemy. This division seems to set up simply one more version of the old struggle be
A. arguing against the views in opposition to Arnold’’s ideas.
B. describing Arnold’’s conception of culture and education.
C. tracing Arnold’’s influence on the liberal arts education.
D. interpreting Arnold’’s pursuit of sheer perfection of culture.

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From antiquity to modern times, the nation has always been a product of informa- tion management. The ability to impose taxes, proclaim laws, count citizens and raise an army lies at the heart of statehood. Yet something new is afoot. These days demo- cratic openness means more than that citizens can vote at regular intervals in free and fair elections. They also expect to have access to government data.
The state has long been the biggest generator, collector and user of data. It keeps records on every birth, marriage and death, compiles figures on all aspects of the economy and keeps statistics on licenses, laws and the weather. (41)______
But now citizens and non-governmental organizations the world over are pressing to get access to public data at the national, state and municipal level-and sometimes government officials enthusiastically support them. (42)______
America is in the lead on data access. On his first full day in office Barack Obama issued

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