[单项选择]Discretionary fiscal policy can be defined as:（）
A. a situation in which total government spending exceeds total government revenue during a specific time period, usually one year. 
B. a change in laws or appropriation levels that alters government revenues and/or expenditures. 
C. a situation in which total government spending is less than total government revenue during a time period, usually one year.

[单项选择]Discretionary fiscal policy can be defined as:（）
A. a situation in which total government spending exceeds total government revenue during a specific time period, usually one year.
B. a change in laws or appropriation levels that alters government revenues and/or expenditures.
C. a situation in which total government spending is less than total government revenue during a time period, usually one year.

[判断题]Fiscal policy is concerned with general taxation.

[单项选择]Challenges to implementing a discretionary fiscal stimulus in a timely manner are least likely to include the:（）
A. government payments for unemployment benefits.
B. need to convince lawmakers that action must be taken.
C. inability of policymakers to forecast a recession precisely.

[单项选择]The effectiveness of a monetary or fiscal policy change in combating inflation depends on the level of anticipation (i. e. credibility) the policy change has with the financial markets. Assume that the U. S. economy is currently in long-run economic equilibrium but suffering with unacceptably high inflation, which the Federal Reserve is determined to fight. The Fed could make either an unexpected or an anticipated policy change to reduce inflation. Describe the likelihood of a recession occurring as a result of either type of policy change. Unexpected policy change Anticipated policy change（）①A. Recession likely Recession likely ②B. Recession likely Recession unlikely ③C. Recession unlikely Recession likely
A. ①
B. ②
C. ③

[单项选择]Which of the following fiscal policy models is most likely to support the conclusion that the adjustment of money wages to restore full-employment equilibrium is rapid and that without the distorting effects of taxes, long-run equilibrium real output would increase with increases in the labor force and accumulated capital, and with improvements in technology（）
A. Classical.
B. Keynesian.
C. Supply-side.

[单项选择]Proper timing of fiscal policy is important if the government is to:（）
A. generating revenues from taxes and sales equal to its expenditures.
B. stimulate economic activity during a recession and restrain the economy during an inflationary boom.
C. increasing the supply of loanable funds needed to place downward pressure on the real rate of interest.

[单项选择]According to the supply-side view of fiscal policy, if the impact of tax revenues is the same, does it make any difference whether the government cuts taxes by either reducing marginal tax rates or increasing the personal exemption allowance（）
A. No, both of the methods of cutting taxes will exert the same impact on aggregate supply.
B. No, people in both cases will increase their savings expecting higher future taxes and thereby offset the stimulus effect of lower current taxes.
C. Yes, the lower tax rates alone will increase the incentive to earn marginal income and thereby stimulate aggregate supply.

[单项选择]An expansionary fiscal policy is most likely to include a(n):（）
A. Increase in government expenditures and a decrease n tax rates.
B. decrease in both government expenditures and tax rates.
C. increase in both government expenditures and tax rates.

[单项选择]The expansionary fiscal policy has ______ (a)lessened the economic recession but increased the government debt. (b)lessened the economic recession and decreased the government debt. (c)worsened inflation but decreased the government debt. (d)lessened inflation but increased the government debt.

[单项选择]With respect to discretionary changes in fiscal policy, the time period, between the recognition of the change and the time the policy change is enacted is best described as the（）
A. impact lag.
B. recognition lag.
C. administrative period.

[填空题]Only through fiscal tightening can Ireland adjust to the one key interest policy.

[简答题]What monetary policy tools can a government use to control money supply

[填空题]Marketing

Marketing can thus be defined as any human activity which it is directed at

[填空题]According to the passage, chemurgy can be defined as______.

[单项选择]Olobalization can somehow be defined (1) harmonization, homogenization or integration of the countries and (2) . Functionally, it can be seen as a process of gradually (3) interaction and integration of economies and societies around the world. The growing economic interdependence is the most crucial (4) force of globalization. In the first (5) , it is the economic dimension of globalization which (6) both scholars’ and (7) attention. Transnational corporations (TNCs) and large financial institutions in the mature and developed industrial economies (8) a proactive role (9) devising and creating global networks in economic and financial areas. However, sociologist, anthropologist and historian state that the noneconomic dimension is (10) equally important. For example, Alexander the Great did not only militarily conquer Persia (11) introduced western (12) , philosophy and scientific