Modern technology and science have produced a wealth
of new materials and new ways of using old materials. For the artist this means
wider opportunities. There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and
nature of tools both restrict and shape a man’s work. Observe how the
development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has
changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic materials allow one to
look through an object, to see its various sides superimposed on each other (as
in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting was in the
past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and intervening
space becomes as important as form itself.
More ambiguous than
other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists, but no less influential,
are the psychoanal
A. can cause a lot of changes in sculpture arts
B. permit details of an object to be seen clearly
C. can superimpose multiple sides of sculptor’s designs
D. can make artists adaptable to be surroundings
[单项选择]Passage Two
Modern Japan, despite its ready adoption of Western manners, is in things theatrical still faithful to the ancient feudal day. It is true that within the last few years, the old school drama has to some extent lost ground, and quite recently performances of Shakespeare’s Othello and Hamlet, and Daudet’s Sappho have been received with favor by Tokyo audiences.
The explanation of this curious survival of the old form of play, at a time when all Japan is eagerly imitating the foreigner, is undoubtedly to be found in the peculiar customs of the country. The progressive Japanese finds it easier to change his mode of dress than to reform habits bred in the bone. The old plays, lasting, as they formerly did, from early morning until nearly midnight, just suited the Japanese play-goer, who, when he does go to the theatre, makes an all-day affair of it. Indeed, theatre-going in Japan is a very serious matter, and not to be entered upon lightly or without due preparatio
A. favors Shakespeare’s masterpieces
B. enjoys Japanese old school drama
C. appreciates Western classic theatre
D. likes performances of foreign styles
[单项选择] Passage Five
Some modern anthropologists hold that
biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human
behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of
dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints-ways of
feeling, thinking, and acting that "come naturally" in archetypal situations in
any culture. Our "frailties" --emotions and motives such as rage, fear, greed,
gluttony, joy, lust, love--may be a very mixed assortment, but they share at
least one immediate quality: we are, as we say, "in the grip" of them. And thus
they give us our sense of constraints.
Unhappily, some of those
frailties--our need for ever-increasing security among them--are presently
maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to
be biological in direction, and therefore
A. a position on the foundations of human behavior and on what those foundations imply
B. a theory outlining the parallel development of human morphology and of human behavior
C. a diagnostic test for separating biologically determined behavior patterns from culture- specific detail
D. a practical method for resisting the pressures of biologically determined drives
[填空题]The main idea of this passage is that modern life has brought new problems to the old.
[填空题] Passage Two
Some rituals of modern domestic living vary little throughout
the developed world. One such is the municipal refuse collection, usually once a
week, your rubbish bags or the contents of your bin disappear into the bowels of
a special lorry and are carted away to the local tip. To economists, this
ceremony is peculiar, because in most places it is free. Yes, households pay for
the service out of local taxes. (71) Yet the marginal cost of
rubbish disposal is not zero at all. The more people throw away, the more
rubbish collectors and trucks are needed, and the more the local council has to
pay in landfill and tipping fees.
(72) But
as Don Fullerton and Thomas Kinnaman, two American economists, have found, this
seemingly easy application of economic sense to an everyday problem has
surprisingly intricate and sometimes disappointing results. In the past few
years several American towns and cities have started charging
[单项选择]
Passage 8
In the
modern world, it is important to be well-informed. Success in many fields
(1) on getting the latest information. There are many means
of obtaining information which enable us to (2) what is
going on in the world. And we are so accustomed to reading almost every week
newspaper reports about new discoveries being made by man that we tend to
(3) the progress and benefit of scientific research for
granted. We (4) that science must continue to achieve its
many miracles which become merely commonplace as soon as they are replaced by
greater ones. Astronauts have made journeys through space, a (5)
that once upon a time would have been considered as unbelievable. Yet
there are few people today who feel anything but a mild interest in the
discoveries that are being made by scientists. In
A. care
B. charge
C. hold
D. advantage
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