We sometimes think humans are uniquely
vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower
animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家) Mark
Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats.
Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their
enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were
paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and
its helpless Partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response
was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn
off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of
control over an event, not the experience itself, is what wakens the immune
system. Other res A. can be altered by electric shocks B. can be weakened by conditioning C. can be suppressed by drug injections D. can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin
更多"Passage Four
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[单项选择] Passage Four
We sometimes think humans are uniquely
vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower
animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家) Mark
Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats.
Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their
enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were
paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and
its helpless Partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response
was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn
off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of
control over an event, not the experience itself, is what wakens the immune
system. Other res A. was altered B. was strengthened C. was weakened D. was not affected
[单项选择] Passage Three
We sometimes hear that essays are an
old-fashioned form, that so-and-so is the "last essayist", but the facts of the
marketplace argue quite otherwise. Essays of nearly any kind are so much easier
than short stories for a writer to sell, so many more see print, it’s strange
that though two fine anthologies (collections) remain that publish the year’s
best stories, no comparable collection exists for essays. Such changes in the
reading public’s taste aren’t always to the good, needless to say. The art of
telling stories predated even cave painting, surely; and if we ever find
ourselves living in caves again, it (with painting and drumming) will be the
only art left, after movies, novels, photography, essays, biography, and all the
rest have gone down the drain--the art to build from. Essays,
however, hang somewhere on a line be A. contribute to the incompatibility of essays with stories B. often result in unfavorable effect, to say the least C. sometimes come to something undesirable, of course D. usually bring about beneficial outcome, so to say
[单项选择]
Passage Three
We sometimes hear that essays are an old-fashioned form, that so-and-so is the "last essayist", but the facts of the marketplace argue quite otherwise. Essays of nearly any kind are so much easier than short stories for a writer to sell, so many more see print, it’s strange that though two fine anthologies (collections) remain that publish the year’s best stories, no comparable collection exists for essays. Such changes in the reading public’s taste aren’t always to the good, needless to say. The art of telling stories predated even cave painting, surely; and if we ever find ourselves living in caves again, it (with painting and drumming) will be the only art left, after movies, novels, photography, essays, biography, and all the rest have gone down the drain — the art to build from.
Essays, however, hang somewhere on a line between two sturdy poles: this is what I A. contribute to the incompatibility of essays with stories B. often result in unfavorable effect, to say the least C. sometimes come to something undesirable, of course D. usually bring about beneficial outcome, so to say
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