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发布时间:2024-08-01 07:08:55

[单项选择] As early as in 1710 the iron industry in England complained of increasing competition from the American colonies. The American iron industry developed rapidly from that date until, by 1750, numerous furnaces, forges and mills were in operation in New England, the middle colonies, and Virginia. When large quantities of pig iron from the American colonies first entered England in 1735, the product proved to be such excellent quality that England iron makers became involved in a hitter argument over the future of the colonial iron industry. The English smelters, who changed native English iron ore into pig iron, insisted that American pig iron be kept out of England by means of high import taxes and, in fact, that the whole colonial iron industry be suppressed. In agreement with the iron smelters were owners of English mines and even forests, whose wood was used to fuel the furnaces which smelted the iron ore. On the other side of the issue were the English iron manufacturers who d
A. developed rapidly after 1710
B. was controlled by owners of forests
C. helped the sale of cloth
D. was threatened by smelting in America

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[单项选择] As early as in 1710 the iron industry in England complained of increasing competition from the American colonies. The American iron industry developed rapidly from that date until, by 1750, numerous furnaces, forges and mills were in operation in New England, the middle colonies, and Virginia. When large quantities of pig iron from the American colonies first entered England in 1735, the product proved to be such excellent quality that England iron makers became involved in a hitter argument over the future of the colonial iron industry. The English smelters, who changed native English iron ore into pig iron, insisted that American pig iron be kept out of England by means of high import taxes and, in fact, that the whole colonial iron industry be suppressed. In agreement with the iron smelters were owners of English mines and even forests, whose wood was used to fuel the furnaces which smelted the iron ore. On the other side of the issue were the English iron manufacturers who d
A. high import taxes on American pig iron
B. the growth of iron manufacturing in America
C. the shipping of iron products to America
D. selling English wool to the colonists
[填空题]Iron production was revolutionized in the early eighteen century when coke was first used{{U}} (36) {{/U}}of charcoal for refining iron ore. Previously the poor{{U}} (37) {{/U}}of the iron had restricted its use in architecture to items such as chains and tie bars for supporting arches, vaults, and walls. With the{{U}} (38) {{/U}}in refining ore, it was now possible to make cast-iron beams, columns, and girders. During the nineteenth century further{{U}} (39) {{/U}}were made, notably Bessemer’s process for converting iron into steel, which made the material more commercially viable. Iron was rapidly{{U}} (40) {{/U}}for the construction of bridges, because its{{U}} (41) {{/U}}was far greater than that of stone or timber, but its use in the architecture of buildings developed more slowly. By 1800 a complete internal iron skeleton for buildings had been developed in{{U}} (42) {{/U}}architecture replacing traditional timber beams, but it{{U}} (43) {{/U}}remained conceal

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