[单项选择]Much of the best scientific research of today shows that many of the results of earlier scientific work that was regarded in its time as good are in fact mistaken. Yet despite the fact that scientists are above all concerned to discover the troth, it is valuable for today’s scientists to study firsthand accounts of earlier scientific work.
Which one of the following, if true, would best reconcile the two statements above ？（）
A. Many firsthand accounts of earlier, flawed scientific work are not generally known to be mistaken.
B. Lessons in scientific methodology can be learned by seeing how earlier scientific work was carried out, sometimes especially when the results of that work are known to be incorrect.
C. Scientists can make valuable contributions to the scientific work of their time even if the results of their work will later be shown to be mistaken.
D. There are many scientists today who are not thoroughly familiar with earlier scientific research.
E. Some of the better scientific research of today does not directly address earlier scientific work.

[单项选择]Scientific research that involves international collaboration has produced papers of greater influence, as measured by the number of times a paper is cited in subsequent papers, than has research without any collaboration. Papers that result from international collaboration are cited an average of seven times, whereas papers with single authors are cited only three times on average. This difference shows that research projects conducted by international research teams are of greater importance than those conducted by single researchers.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends
A. Prolific writers can inflate the number of citations they receive by citing themselves in subsequent papers.
B. It is possible to ascertain whether or not a paper is the product of international collaboration by determining the number of citations it has received.
C. The number of citations a paper receives is a measure of the importance of the research it reports.
D. The collaborative efforts of scientists who are citizens of the same country do not produce papers that are as important as papers that are produced by international collaboration.
E. (E) International research teams tend to be more generously funded than are single researchers.

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